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Research Articles

Getting urbanization to work in Africa: the role of the urban land-infrastructure-finance nexus

Pages 30-47 | Received 12 Mar 2016, Accepted 13 Mar 2016, Published online: 29 Apr 2016
 

ABSTRACT

The serious social and environmental problems and risks associated with large-scale urbanization in Africa are widely recognized. However, the potential for urbanization to strengthen economic growth and development across the continent has only recently been grasped. The stakes are high for efforts to ensure that urbanization reinforces rather than retards prosperity, yet urban policies are frequently ambivalent and piecemeal. The development trajectory of cities hinges on the quality of their physical foundations, which underpin functional efficiency and will endure for many decades. Realizing the opportunities of urbanization therefore requires more concerted efforts to plan and manage the form of urban growth. This means reformed arrangements governing the allocation and taxation of land, major investment in urban infrastructure and stronger local institutions to coordinate land and property development.

摘要

与非洲大规模城镇化相关的严重社会、环境问题和风险已得到人们的普遍认同,但城镇化在加强整个非洲经济增长和发展方面的潜力却是在近期才为人们所了解。为确保城镇化对发展起强化而不是阻碍作用付出努力利害重大,但城市政策却往往相互矛盾、零敲碎打。城市的发展轨迹取决于其自身物质基础的质量,这些物质基础支持着其功能运行的效率并且会维持几十年之久。因此,要实现城市化带来的机遇,就需要对城市发展形式的规划和管理做出更多共同的努力与合作。这就意味着需要对土地的分配和税收治理安排进行改革,对城市基础设施进行重大投资,同时加强当地协调土地和房地产开发的制度建设。

RESUMEN

En general, se reconocen los graves problemas sociales y medioambientales y los riesgos relacionados con la urbanización a gran escala en África. Sin embargo, solo hasta hace poco se ha comprendido el potencial de la urbanización para reforzar el crecimiento económico y el desarrollo en el continente. Es mucho lo que está en juego para garantizar que la urbanización fortalezca y no retrase la prosperidad; no obstante, las políticas urbanas son muchas veces ambivalentes e irregulares. La trayectoria hacia el desarrollo de las ciudades depende de la calidad de sus fundamentos físicos, que potencian la eficiencia funcional y perdurarán durante muchas décadas. Por consiguiente, para aprovechar las oportunidades urbanísticas son necesarios esfuerzos más concertados con el fin de planificar y gestionar la forma del crecimiento urbano. Esto se traduce en programas reformados para poder administrar la asignación y la fiscalidad del suelo, grandes inversiones en infraestructura urbana e instituciones locales más sólidas para coordinar el desarrollo del suelo y la propiedad.

Аннотация

Серьезные социальные и экологические проблемы и риски, связанные с масштабной урбанизации в Африке, получили широкое признание. Тем не менее, потенциал урбанизации в укреплении экономического роста и развития на всем континенте был осознан не так давно. Важно добиться, чтобы урбанизация усиливала, а не тормозила рост благосостояния, но городская политика нередко носит довольно неоднозначный характер. Траектории развития городов зависят от качества их физической основы, которые будут определять их функциональную эффективности на протяжении многих десятилетий. Чтобы в полной мере реализовать возможности урбанизации, требуются более согласованные усилия по планированию и управлению ростом городов. Это подразумевает реформирование механизмов, регулирующих распределение и налогообложение земли, крупных инвестиций в городскую инфраструктуру, а также сильные местные институты для координации развития территорий и недвижимости.

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes

1 The level and rate of urbanization vary greatly across the continent. Northern and Southern Africa are relatively urbanized, whereas urbanization in West and East Africa is increasing rapidly from a lower base. National differences are even greater. We accept the risk of over-generalization when discussing the continent as a whole in return for greater clarity about the underlying patterns and dynamics.

2 For an analysis of similar phenomena in Asia, albeit with the state playing a more interventionist role in the land market, see Shatkin (Citation2008, Citation2015).

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