Brief Youth Self-Report Screener for Tics: Can a Subscale of the Motor Tic, Obsession and Compulsion, and Vocal Tic Evaluation Survey (MOVES) Identify Tic Disorders in Youth?

ABSTRACT

Tics are unwanted, repetitive movements and sounds that frequently present during childhood. They are typically brief and purposeless, but can create significant distress for individuals, and often co-occur with other neuropsychiatric conditions. Thus, early identification of tics is warranted. Unfortunately, tics are often misdiagnosed, and because tics may wax and wane, identification can be difficult, especially in the context of routine clinical visits. There are limited tools that can be used to reliably identify tics in clinical practice, especially in non-specialty settings. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the performance of the Motor tic, Obsession and compulsion, and Vocal tic Evaluation Survey (MOVES), a self-report scale with some support as a screening tool. In addition, the performance of a subset of questions (the MOVES-6) was evaluated for rapid screening. Participants were recruited across two study sites and included children and adolescents diagnosed with Tourette syndrome (n = 151) or another persistent tic disorder (n = 10) and community controls (n = 74). Results suggest that both MOVES and the MOVES-6 have high sensitivity (90% and 88%, respectively) and at least acceptable specificity (77% and 86%, respectively) compared with expert assessment of tic disorders, suggesting that both versions can identify tic disorders without high proportions of false negatives. Both versions were highly sensitive with acceptable specificity regardless of sex, race/ethnicity, and age. The MOVES and MOVES-6 show promise as a screener for tics or tic disorders, but additional research is needed, particularly in a general population setting.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

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Tic disorders can be easy to miss, but early detection is important. A 6-item youth-report screener might accurately identify many youth with potential tics.

Additional information

Funding

This study was sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention cooperative agreements [U01DD000509 and U01DD000510]. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).