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Review Essay

Is one book world not enough?: the Eurasian Republic of Letters before the nineteenth century

The Book Worlds of East Asia and Europe, 1450–1850: Connections and Comparisons, edited by Joseph P. McDermott and Peter Burke, (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2015).

Pages 279-294 | Published online: 19 Jun 2018
 

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes

1 “La Imprenta de la China propagada al Japon, al Catai, y segun algunos al Reyno de Tangut en la Tartaria, es ciertamente mas antigua que la de Europa, por lo menos quinientos años. Y como no pocos piensan que nos vino de allá, aunque otros lo niegan, y aun hay quien diga que bien al contrario los Europeos se la comunicaron a los Chinos (opinion del todo improbable), antes de internarnos en la Europea será bien decir de ella quatro palabras.” Méndez, Typographia española, 18.

2 Ibid., 20.

3 [Banākatī] Abdallae Beidavaei Historia Sinensis. See Browne, A Literary History of Persia, vol. 3, 100–103.

4 See Blair, A Compendium of Chronicles and Charles Melville, “Between Firdausī and Rashīd al-Dīn,” 45–65. For a full digitized version of the surviving part of an illustrated manuscript produced during Rashīd al-Dīn’s lifetime, see Edinburgh University Library Image Collections: http://images.is.ed.ac.uk/luna/servlet/s/gr0gu7.

5 See Histoire Universelle de Rasid al-Din, trans. Karl Jahn.

6 Rosenthal, A History of Muslim Historiography, 147. See also Inglebert, “The Universal Chronicle in Antiquity and in the Middle Ages,” 90.

7 See, e.g. Harris, “Long-Distance Corporations, Big Sciences, and the Geography of Knowledge”; and Clossey, Salvation and Globalization in the Early Jesuit Missions.

8 See, e.g. Pinot, La Chine et la formation de l’esprit philosophique.

9 Maverick, China a Model for Europe, 44–58.

10 See, e.g. Matsukata, Oranda fūsetsugaki to kinsei Nihon; Matsukata, “From the Threat of Roman Catholicism to the Shadow of Western Imperialism”; and Iwashita, Edo no kaigai jōhō nettowāku.

11 Happily, the field is now too lively and large to attempt any comprehensive or representative listing, but apart from the publications cited already, below are some examples that this reviewer has found useful and enjoyable reading on the subject of texts and textual practices crossing borders or produced by complex transcultural dynamics: Goodman and Grafton, “Ricci, the Chinese, and the Toolkits of Textualists”; Gamsa, “Cultural Translation and the Transnational Circulation of Books”; Ghobrial, “The Secret Life of Elias of Babylon and the Uses of Global Microhistory”; Mosca, “The Qing Empire in the Fabric of Global History”; Secord, “Knowledge in Transit”; Subrahmanyam, “On World Historians in the Sixteenth century” and “Intertwined Histories: Crónica and Tārīkh”; Wills, “Author, Publisher, Patron, World”; Ben-Dor Benite, The Dao of Muhammad; Bevilacqua, The Republic of Arabic Letters; Boot, “Transfer of Learning: Import of Chinese and Dutch Books in Tokugawa Japan”; Clements, A Cultural History of Translation in Early Modern Japan; Hunt, Jacob, and Mijnhardt, The Book That Changed Europe; Lackner, Amelung, and Kurtz, eds. New Terms for New Ideas; Lombard, Le Carrefour Javanais; Montgomery, Science in Translation; Proust, L’Europe au prisme du Japon; Ricci, Islam Translated; Schaffer and Raj, eds. The Brokered World; Wakabayashi, Anti-Foreignism and Western Learning; Vande Walle and Kasaya, Dodonaeus in Japan.

12 See The Cambridge World History: Vol. 6., Part 2, especially Subrahmanyam, “On Early Modern Historiography”; Benton and Clulow, “Legal Encounters and the Origins of International Law”; and Wills, “First Global Dialogues: Intercultural Relations, 1400–1800.”

13 Burke, Hybrid Renaissance. For some evidence that this take on Renaissance co-produced in contact with the extra-European world has slowly nudged its way into mainstream see Brotton, The Renaissance Bazaar; Brotton, The Renaissance; and Brotton and Jardin, Global Interests: Renaissance Art between East and West (this last published in the series Picturing History whose general editor is again Peter Burke himself).

14 McDermott, “The Ongoing Lives of Books,” 229–41.

15 Burke and Hsia, Cultural Translation.

16 de Mailla, Histoire générale de la Chine, 12 vols. Cf. Cultural Translation in Early Modern Europe, p. 127.

17 Above all chapter XXVI of The History of the Decline and Fall, Vol. 11023–83. See also Pocock, Barbarism and Religion. Vol. 6, 260–61.

18 Matsuda, Yōgaku no shoshiteki kenkyū, 367–8.

19 Histoire générale de la Chine, ou Annales de cet Empire, Vol. 11, 2. See also Standaert, “Jesuit Accounts of Chinese History.”

20 Li and Lü, eds., Siku da cidian, 914.

21 Burke, Social History of Knowledge, 57–63.

22 Kusunoki, “Ōta Nanpo ga shōsha shita Heitei Jungaru hōryaku.”

23 Burke, Social History of Knowledge, 57–63.

24 Leibniz, Der Briefwechsel mit den Jesuiten in China, 126. See also Perkins, Leibniz and China.

25 Noll, 100 Roman Documents Concerning the Chinese Rites Controversy. See also Etiemble, Les Jésuites en Chine: La Querelle des Rites; Mungello, The Chinese Rites Controversy; Standaert, “Christianity Shaped by the Chinese.”

26 Pinot, La Chine et la formation de l’esprit philosophique; Nicolas Standaert, The Intercultural Weaving of Historical Texts; or Standaert, “Jean-François Foucquet’s Contribution to the Establishment of Chinese Book Collections.”

27 Venetian Republic’s system of institutionalized diplomacy, spying and counterintelligence as well as private and public sponsorship of scholarly activity leading to the recovery of information about the Ottoman demographics, economics, strategy, government, and history is a case in point. See de Vivo, Information and Communication in Venice; Malcolm, Agents of the Empire; and, indeed, Burke, Social History of Knowledge, 61–63.

28 Ozawa, Kindai Nihon shigaku-shi no kenkyū.

29 Mervart, “The Republic of Letters Comes to Nagasaki.”

30 Boot, “Shizuki Tadao’s Sakoku-ron.”

31 Eloge de la ville de Moukden. See Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall, Vol. 1, 1036–38. The fact that Gibbon (1737–1794) and the Qianlong emperor (1711–1799) were contemporaries suggests a fair speed of transmission of the latter’s text onto the former’s bookshelf.

32 A General History of the Turks, Moguls, and Tatars.

33 Ibid. Vol.1, xvii. Cf. Marshall and Williams, The Great Map of Mankind, 89–90.

34 Matsuda, Yōgaku no shoshiteki kenkyū, 548–74.

35 Prévost d’Exiles, Histoire générale des voyages, vol. 7, in-4o, . In Dutch as Historische beschryving der reizen, vol. 11.

36 Only from the third edition in 1708 did the book actually carry that precise title. The original edition from 1704 was compiled by Philipp Balthasar Sinold von Schütz (1657–1742). The schoolmaster Johann Hübner (1668–1731) wrote the preface and the book was thereafter usually known simply by Hübner’s name. See Lehner, China in European Encyclopedias, 63.

37 Le Gobien, Histoire de l’édit de l’empereur de la Chine. Le Gobien was also the editor of the periodically issued Lettres édifiantes et curieuses, the collected reports from the Jesuit overseas missions avidly consumed by Europe’s Republic of Letters.

38 Lehner, China in European Encyclopedias.

39 De staats- en kouranten-tolk, of woordenboek der geleerden en ongeleerden in its 1732 and later editions, based on the German original which also saw numerous editions throughout the eighteenth century.

40 Matsuda, Yōgaku no shoshiteki kenkyū, 406–7 and 479–80.

41 Cf. Sugimoto, Sakoku-ron, 82–3 and 226.

42 See Osterhammel, Die Verwandlung der Welt; or Rosenberg, A World Connecting.

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