http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6450-9787
Abstract
The Indian scops owl Otus bakkamoena (Aves, Strigiformes, Strigidae) is a small resident owl in southern Asia. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence consisted of 17,389 base pairs (bp) encoding 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and non-coding regions. The overall base composition of O. bakkamoena was G + C: 44.6%, A + T: 55.4%, apparently with a slight AT bias. Phylogenetic analysis showed that O. bakkamoena was closely related to Otus scops.
Keywords:
The Eurasian scops owl Otus bakkamoena (Aves, Strigiformes, Strigidae) is a small resident owl in southern Asia. Through O. bakkamoena’s natural camouflage, it is difficult to find. Therefore, there is difficulty in studying the mitogenome of the O. bakkamoena. The carcass of O. bakkamoena was collected at Yeongju-si Branch of Korea Society for the Protection of Wild Animals in Yeongu-si city (36.852521 N 128.576801 E), Republic of Korea. This specimen was deposited in the Institute of Ornithology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
In the present study, the mitogenome of O. bakkamoena was completely sequenced and submitted to GenBank: (accession number: KT340631). The sequence was compared with our previously research mitogenome sequence of O. scops. The mitochondrial DNA was amplified into two overlapping segments by a long-range PCR method (Koh et al. Citation2018). DNA shotgun sequencing was operated by an Ion PGM™ system (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD), and genome assembly was carried out using the CLC Genomics Workbench 7.5 program (CLC Bio, Denmark) (Park et al. Citation2018).
The mitogenome was 17,389 bp in size, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) genes, 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and non-coding region. All the PCGs (ND1, ND2, CO2, ATP8, ATP6, CO3, ND4L, ND4, CytB, ND6) shared start codon ‘ATG’, except for CO1, ND5 (start codon ‘GTG’) and ND3 (start codon ‘ATT’). Regarding the stop codons, 6 PCGs (CO2, ATP8, ATP6, ND3, ND4L, ND5) shared stop codon ‘TAA’, 4 PCGs (ND2, CO3, ND4, CytB) shared the incomplete stop codon ‘T’, 2 PCGs (ND1, CO1) terminated with AGG, and ND6 terminated with TAG. The two rRNA genes were 12S rRNA (980 bases) and 16S rRNA (1587 bases). The D-loop (1845 bases) was located between tRNA-Glu and tRNA-Phe. The overall base composition of O. bakkamoena was G: 13.6%, C: 31.0%, A: 30.9%, T: 24.5%, apparently with a slight AT bias (G + C: 44.6%, A + T: 55.4%).
We compared the results from the present study to previous mitogenome research on the family Strigidae (Harrison et al. Citation2004; Liu et al. Citation2014; Sarker et al. Citation2016; Sun et al. Citation2016; Zhang et al. Citation2016; Hanna et al. Citation2017; Kang et al. Citation2018; Lee et al. Citation2018). Phylogenetic analysis based on the mitogenome sequences using the maximum likelihood general time reversible model (GTR) with gamma distributed (G) plus Invariant sites (I) method showed that, the O. bakkamoena was closely related to O. scops (). Thus, the O. bakkamoena mitogenome sequence can contribute to phylogenetic knowledge of the genus Otus and expand the basis of the owl species.
Figure 1. A maximum likelihood tree of Otus bakkamoena with the related species based on mitogenomes using general time reversible model (GTR) with gamma distributed (G) plus Invariant sites (I) method.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
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