Abstract
The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Ceratostoma rorifluum was determined using genome walking techniques in this study. The total length of the mt genome sequence of C. rorifluum was 15,331 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes, 23 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. The overall composition of the mitogenome was estimated to be 30.1% for A, 38.4% for T, 15.2% for C, and 16.3% for G, respectively, indicating that an A + T (68.5%)-rich feature occurs in the C. rorifluum mitogenome. The phylogenetic relationships of 15 mollusc species were constructed based on the complete mtDNA sequences by the neighbor-joining method using MEGA 7.0 and DNAMAN 6.0 software.
The Ceratostoma rorifluum belongs to the family Muricidae and could be found in northern parts Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea of China. The population of wild C. rorifluum is not very small, but the research about C. rorifluum is rare. In order to provide some biological data for C. rorifluum, it is necessary to carry out some wild resource investigation and germplasm analysis. In this study, we report the complete sequence of mitochondrial genome for C. rorifluum (GenBank accession no. MK411750). The findings will provide useful information for further studies on population genetics, phylogenetic construction and other relevant studies in C. rorifluum.
One C. rorifluum individual was collected from Dalian Sea area, Liaoning Province, China (39°11′23″ N, 124°47′24″ E). The total genomic DNA was extracted from foot muscle using a modification of standard phenolchloroform procedure. The complete mitogenome of C. rorifluum was sequenced using primer walking. The gene annotation was performed following the methods described by Hao et al. (Citation2016) and Online software (GeneMarker, tRNAscan, ORFfinder). At present, the specimen is stored in the herbarium of Dalian Ocean University.
The total length of the hybrid of C. rorifluum mitochondrial genome was 15,331 bp, with the base composition of 30.1% A, 38.4% T, 15.2% C, and 16.3% G. It comprised two ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and 23 transfer RNA genes. All the mitogenome genes were encoded on the heavy strand except for nine tRNA genes (tRNA-Met, tRNA-Tyr, tRNA-Cys, tRNA-Trp, tRNA-Gln, tRNA-Gly, tRNA-Glu, tRNA-Phe, and tRNA-Thr).
The phylogenetic analysis showed that the complete mitochondrial sequence of C. rorifluum was phylogenetically closer to Ceratostoma burnetti by 94.56% bootstrap support and formed the Muricidae clade (). Our result was consistent with the previous researches, both in traditional morphological and molecular-based phylogeny studies. We expect that the present result can contribute to construct molecular identification of this species and be helpful to explore the phylogeny of Muricidae.
Figure 1. Consensus neighbour-joining tree based on the complete mitochondrial sequence of C. rorifluum and other 14 mollusc. species. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 7.0 and DNAMAN 6.0 software by the neighbour-joining method. The numbers at the tree nodes indicate the percentage of bootstrapping after 1000 replicates.
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The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the article.
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Reference
- Hao Z, Yang L, Zhan Y, Tian Y, Wang L, Mao J, Chang Y. 2016. The complete mitochondrial genome of Neptunea arthritica cumingii Crosse, (Gastropoda: Buccinidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour. 1:220–221.