Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Bactrocera proprediaphora (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) was sequenced and annotated. The mitochondrial genome is 15,829 bp (GenBank No. MN688227) long, containing 73.9% A + T (A 39.5%, C 16.3%, G 9.8%, and T 34.3%), which is the classical structure for insect mitogenome. All PCGs were started with ATN, except ND1 which started with TTG, and 13 PCGs were stopped using TAR (TAA/TAG) as the stop codon. Additionally, the phylogenetic tree confirmed that B. proprediaphora was closely related to B. diaphorus. The current study will enrich the mitogenomes of the fruit flies.
Bactrocera proprediaphora belongs to Bactrocera, which was erected by Macquart in 1983. It is an important pest for fruit and vegetable crops, which was named and described by Wang, Xiao & Chen from a male holotype in Ruili city, Yunnan province, China (Wang et al. Citation2008). The identification of B. proprediaphora is mainly based on the morphology and partial sequence. Presently, we have sequenced and determined the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) using the next-generation sequencing method for the first time, which might facilitate future studies on population genetics, and evolution of the subfamily Dacinae.
The genome DNA was extracted from the male adult of B. proprediaphora, which was collected in Jinzhu town water orchard, Guizhou province, China (E106°39′34″, N26°30′15″), in September 2019, and the voucher specimen’s genome DNA is deposited in the Research Center for Guizhou Characteristic Fruits and its Products of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou Light Industry Technical College, label number is GCZX-142. These sequences were assembled using Geneious Primer (Kearse et al. Citation2012), version 10.2.3 (http://www.geneious.com/). Additionally, all tRNAs were found by MITOS server (http://mitos.bioinf.uni-leipzig.de/index.py) (Bernt et al. Citation2013) and tRNA scan-SE server (Lowe and Chan Citation2016) for annotation. The neighbor-joining (NJ) tree was constructed to investigate the molecular taxonomic position of B. proprediaphora based on nucleotide sequences of 13 protein-coding genes and 2 rRNA genes using MEGA 6.0 (Tamura et al. Citation2013) from alignments created by the MAFFT (Katoh and Standley Citation2013).
The complete mitogenome of B. proprediaphora is 15,829 bp (GenBank No. MN688227), containing 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs, 1470 bp), 13protein-coding genes (PCGs, 11,307 bp), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs, 2120 bp), and a large non-coding region (Control region, 946 bp). The whole genome contained 39.5% A, 16.3% C, 9.8% G, and 34.3%T, showing an obvious A + T bias (73.9%). The AT-skew (0.0705) for the whole mitogenome is slightly positive, but negative for GC-skew (−0.2490). All PCGs were started with ATN (ATA/ATG/ATT/ATC), except ND1 which started with TTG, and 13 PCGs were stopped using TAR (TAA/TAG) as the stop codon.
The phylogenetic relationships of B. proprediaphora were reconstructed using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method with 1000 bootstrap replicates based on concatenated nucleotides of the 13 PCGs and 2 rRNAs with 13,197 bp, Dosophila suzukii and Drosophila melanogaster were used as outgroup (). The phylogenetic tree confirms that B. proprediaphora was closely related to B. diaphorus. Presently, the studies recording B. proprediaphora are limited, and we believe that our data could be useful for further study.
Figure 1. Neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree of Bactrocera proprediaphora basing on concatenated nucleotides of the 13 PCGs and 2 rRNAs by MEGA 6.0.
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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
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References
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