The complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Hiatella sp. J (Mollusca: Hiatellidae)

Abstract

The genus Hiatella is one of most abundant and widespread marine bivalves. To date, its intra-generic phylogeny remains disputed and mitogenome information is therefore much needed. Here, we first report the complete circular mitogenome of Hiatella sp. J that is distributed in the coast of Asia Pacific. The total length of this mitochondrial genome is 21,233 base pairs. It consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and a major noncoding region (MNR). Phylogenetic analysis of COI from 25 species (Hiatellidae) revealed that the Hiatella sp. J was closely related to Asian Hiatella in the family Hiatellidae. This Hiatella mitogenome provides new molecular data for the further taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of the genus Hiatella of marine bivalves.

Keywords:

• Hiatella
• mitogenome
• bivalve
• phylogeny

The marine bivalve genus Hiatella is extremely abundant with high diversity in morphology and great plasticity in the mode of life history. As their shell shapes and modes of life history are weakly correlated with the suggested taxonomical identity, there is still no generally accepted intra-generic phylogeny exists at the moment (Hunter 1949; Coan et al. 2000). The Hiatella arctica has long been considered as a cosmopolitan species that comprises multiple lineages (Lubinsky 1980). Previous study of Laakkonen et al. (2015) revealed that at least 13 of the recognized lineages represent distinct species. According to the phylogenetic evidence of mitochondrial COI, nuclear ANT and 28S rRNA genes, the Hiatella sp. J lineage in the east coast of Asian Pacific is a new Hiatella species (NCBI: txid1638755) (Laakkonen et al. 2015). To better understand the phylogenetic relationships of Hiatellidae, here we present the complete mitochondrial genome of Hiatella sp. J.

An individual sample of Hiatella sp. J was collected at the Laizhou Bay in Shandong province and deposited in our laboratory collection (voucher specimen number: OUC-MGB-2018-HO-01). The muscle tissue samples were collected, washed with 3.5× concentrated PBS, and preserved in liquid nitrogen. Total genomic DNA was extracted using a phenol-chloroform extraction protocol (Russell and Sambrook 2001). DNA sequencing was carried out using genomic DNA by an Illumina Xten platform. NOVOPlasty (Dierckxsens et al. 2017) and MITOS (Bernt et al. 2013) were utilized for mitogenome assembly and annotation, respectively. Maximum-likelihood (ML) was conducted on the partitioned matrices with FastTree (Price et al. 2009).

The complete circular mitogenome was 21,233 bp in length with 35.9% of GC content. It contained 13 protein-coding genes, 24 transfer RNAs, and 2 ribosomal RNAs. The mitogenomic sequence was submitted to GenBank with the accession number MN072638. Phylogenetic interference was performed with the COI genes of 22 Hiatella specimens (Laakkonen et al. 2015), outgrouped by two Panopea species. The ML phylogenetic tree depicted that our sample clustered with the Hiatella sp. J (Figure 1), and had a close relationship with Hiatella sp. L that is distributed in Bering strait, Arctic ocean, Alaska, etc. This study provides a valuable mitogenome resource for better understanding of the molecular phylogeny of the genus Hiatella of marine bivalves.

Figure 1. The phylogenetic tree of COI based on ML. The accession number and sample sites for these species are as follows: Hiatella sp. L NFH (KP760878); Hiatella sp. L NSH (KP760888); Hiatella sp. L QUE (KP760894); Hiatella sp. L AK (KP760901); Hiatella sp. L BEA (KP760925); Hiatella sp. L BER (KP760928); Hiatella sp. J JAP (KP761002); Hiatella sp. M WPK (KP760875); Hiatella sp. K BAK (KP760930); Hiatella sp. K BF (KP760951); Hiatella sp. K LYS (KP760962); Hiatella sp. I WAS (KP761003); Hiatella sp. H CAL (KP761004); Hiatella sp. G CAL (KP761008); Hiatella sp. F BIS (KP761012); Hiatella sp. E LYS (KP761014); Hiatella sp. D BIS (KP761023); Hiatella sp. D SCD (KP761034); Hiatella sp. C MED (KP761038); Hiatella sp. B NZ (KP761042); Hiatella sp. A SOM (KP761043); Panopea generosa (KJ125418); Panopea globosa (KJ125413); Hiatella arctica (NC 008451).

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in GeneBank at [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MN072638.1/], reference number [Accession number: MN072638].

Additional information

Funding

We acknowledge the Major basic research projects of Shandong Natural Science Foundation [ZR2018ZA0748], the grant support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [201841001], the Youth Talent Program Supported by Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) [2018-MFS-T07], and Taishan Scholar Project Fund of Shandong Province of China.