The complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Batillaria cumingi (Gastropoda: Batillariidae)

Abstract

We determined the complete mitochondrial genome of Batillaria cumingi. The B. cumingi mitochondrial genome is 16,100 bp in length, comprising 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. The nucleotide composition for B. cumingi is 17.5% of C, 16.88% of G, 35.3% of T, and 30.31% of A. In 13 protein-coding genes, all genes start with ATG. For the stop codon, the cox2 gene stops with TTC, the cytb, nad1, and nad2 genes stop with TAG, and the other nine genes are with TAA. Of these 37 genes identified, nine protein-coding genes and six transfer RNA genes are encoded on the heavy strand and the other genes on the light strand. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on 13 protein-coding genes of the B. cumingi and other 19 Gastropoda species, Sepia latimanus as outgroup using the Neighbour-joining method. The tree showed that the B. cumingi is closely related to the Semisulcospira coreana in Cerithioidea. We believe that this result will be helpful for the study of population genetic and phylogenetic analysis of the family Batillariidae.

Keywords:

• Batillaria cumingi
• mitochondria genome
• phylogenetic
• Illumina

Batillaria cumingi (Crosse, 1862) belongs to the family Batillariidaeis an intertidal gastropod. It is a kind of broad-temperate benthic gastropod which distributed in Japan, Korea and northern China (Okutani and Habe 1983). The shell of B. cumingi is cone-shaped and strong and the shell surface has low and thin longitudinal ribs. The species is algophagous, which lives on the mud beach in the middle and upper part of the intertidal zone, where wave intensity is low (Adachi and Wada 1997). At present, there is no research on the mitochondrial genome of B. cumingi. In this study, it is the first report of a complete mitochondrial genome sequence of B. cumingi. The specimen of B. cumingi was collected from Haikou, Hainan province, China (110.35°E, 20.02°N) and identified by morphology and deposited in Zhejiang Ocean University. The genomic DNA extraction was utilized the salting-out method (Aljanabi and Martinez 1997) with the muscle, then stored at −20 °C refrigerator in the National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University (specimen Accession number: BC20181001). The genomic DNA was prepared in 400 bp paired-end libraries, and The Illumina HiSeq X Ten platform was using total genomic DNA to sequence the mitochondrial genome. All the data were available and enumerated to the Microsoft oneDrive database (https://1drv.ms/w/s!ArF1Al5lLW_VatOzZ4ygq_H6jmY?e=Z3OYmF).

The B. cumingi mitochondrial genome is 16,100 bp in length (GenBank accession number: MT323103), comprising 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. The nucleotide composition for B. cumingi is 17.5% of C, 16.88% of G, 35.3% of T, and 30.31% of A. In 13 protein-coding genes, all genes start with ATG. For the stop codon, the cox2 gene stops with TTC, the cytb, nad1, and nad2 genes stop with TAG, and the other nine genes are with TAA. Of these 37 genes identified, nine protein-coding genes and six transfer RNA genes are encoded on the heavy strand and the other genes on the light strand. The 12S rRNA is between the tRNA^Thr and tRNA^Ser, and the 16S rRNA is between the tRNA^Val and tRNA^Leu.

The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on 13 protein-coding genes of the B. cumingi and other 19 Gastropoda species, Sepia latimanus as outgroup using the Neighbour-joining method (Saitou and Nei 1987) by the program Phylip (Felsenstein 1989). The tree showed that the B. cumingi is closely related to the Semisulcospira coreana in Cerithioidea, similar to Cypraeidae and Architaenioglossa (Figure 1). We believe that this result will be one supplement of the genome information in mitochondrial of the family Batillariidae and facilitate the study on population genetic.

Figure 1. The NJ phylogenetic tree for Batillaria cumingi and other species based on 13 protein-coding genes.

Disclosure statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in Microsoft OneDrive at https://1drv.ms/w/s!ArF1Al5lLW_VatOzZ4ygq_H6jmY?e=Z3OYmF; and in Genbank, reference number: MT323103.

Additional information

Funding

This work was financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Zhejiang Provincial Universities and Research Institutes [NO.: 2019J00021 and NO.: 2019J00038], the Open Foundation from Marine Sciences in the First-Class Subjects of Zhejiang Province and the Project of Bureau of Science and Technology of Zhoushan [2019C21096].