The complete mitochondrial genome of Xanthomantis bimaculata (Mantodea: Iridopterygidae) and its phylogeny

Abstract

The mitochondrial genome sequence of Xanthomantis bimaculata (Mantodea: Iridopterygidae) from Yunnan, China is a circular molecule with the typical insect mitochondrial gene arrangement, which is 15,941 bp in length and contains 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs, 13 protein-coding genes, and one control region. The overall AT content of the mitogenome is 73.12% (A = 37.58%, T = 35.54%, C = 16.54%, G = 10.34%). In BI and ML phylogenetic analyses, X. bimaculata was a sister clade to Sceptuchus simplex. The monophyly of the families Iridopterygidae, Thespidae and Liturgusidae were supported.

Keywords:

• Xanthomantis bimaculata
• Iridopterygidae
• mitogenome
• phylogenetic relationship

Mantises are one of the most widely recognized groups of insects, which are divided into 15 families with 2400 species of 430 genera (Wang et al. 2016). Species of the Iridopterygidae family are small, slender group of mantids. Species of Iridopterygidae distributed in tropical Africa, southern Asia, and Australia are divided into five subfamilies (Svenson and Whiting 2009). More and more mitochondrial genomes of mantis were used to discuss the relationship within Mantodea (e.g. Zhang et al. 2018a, 2018b; Jia et al. 2019; Zhang et al. 2019). Obtaining more complete mitochondrial genome sequences of Mantodea will be beneficial to the further study of the phylogenetic relationship of mantis. Therefore, in this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Xanthomantis bimaculata (Mantodea: Iridopterygidae) was sequenced.

The sample of X. bimaculata (2015XSBN0707) was collected from Xishuangbanna (N 101.257°, E 21.9242°), Yunnan Province, China. The sample was identified and stored at −40 °C in the Animal Specimen Museum, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, China. Total genomic DNA was extracted from one leg tissue using Ezup Column Animal Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Sangon Biotech Company, Shanghai, China) and stored in the Dr. JY Zhang’s laboratory. A set of modified universal primers (Zhang et al. 2008; Zhang et al. 2018) was designed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Subsequently, the remaining gaps were sequenced by utilizing species-specific primers according to previously obtained sequences. All PCR products were sequenced in both directions by the Sangon Biotech Company (Shanghai, China). The mitochondrial genome was deposited in GenBank with an accession number MT679725.

The mitogenome of X. bimaculata is a circular DNA molecule with a total length of 15,941 bp. The overall AT content of the whole mitogenome is 73.12% (A = 37.58%, T = 35.54%, C = 16.54%, G = 10.34%). In the 13 protein-coding genes, COXI gene uses TTG as the start codon, whereas the remaining 12 protein-coding genes use ATN (N stands for A, T, C, G) as the start codon. Most protein-coding genes use TAA as a stop codon. However, ND3 uses ATG as a stop codon, and COXI, COXII, COXIII, and ND5 end with an incomplete stop codon (T––).

In order to construct a phylogenetic relationship of X. bimaculata, 38 mitochondrial genome sequences of Mantodea (Cameron et al. 2006; Ye et al. 2016; Tian et al. 2017; Zhang and Ye 2017; Zhang et al. 2018) were downloaded from GenBank and four mitochondrial genome sequences of Blattodea species (Zhang et al. 2010; Wei et al. 2012; Dietrich and Brune 2016) were selected as outgroups. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using the Bayesian inference (BI) method implemented in MrBayes version 3.1.2 (Huelsenbeck and Ronquist 2001) and maximum-likelihood (ML) in RAxML 8.2.0 (Stamatakis 2014) based on 13 PCGs. To select conserved regions of the putative nucleotide sequences, each alignment was analyzed with Gblocks 0.91b (Castresana 2000) using default settings. In BI and ML phylogenetic trees, X. bimaculata was a sister clade to Sceptuchus simplex. The monophyly of the families Iridopterygidae, Thespidae and Liturgusidae were supported both in BI and ML analyses (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of the relationships among 39 species of Mantodea including Xanthomantis bimaculata and four species of Blattodea, were based on the nucleotide dataset of the 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes. Numbers around the nodes are the posterior probabilities of BI (right) and the bootstrap values of ML (left). The GenBank numbers of all species are shown in the figure.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in NCBI at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov reference number [MT679725]. The alignment data are openly available in ZJNU data at https://cloud.zjnu.edu.cn/share/b8f44b9225f2d839aca9b2a44c.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province [Y18C040006], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [31370042] and the College Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project in China [202010345026].