The complete mitochondrial genome of Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), with its phylogenetic analysis

Abstract

The gall midge of Aphidoletes aphidimyza is ubiquitous, which larva is an effective predator of aphids and entomophagous arthropods used for aphids control. The complete mitogenome of A. aphidimyza was 14,982 bp in length, with 37 typical genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes (tRNAs), two rRNA genes (rRNAs). The gene order was consistent with those of known Cecidomyiidae species. All PCGs started with ATN and stopped with TAA. The nucleotide composition was highly A + T biased, accounting for ∼85% of the whole mitogenome. Phylogenetic results show that A. aphidimyza was clustered into the family Cecidomyiidae, which is sister to Cecidomyiidae sp. (MF410944).

Keywords:

• Aphidoletes aphidimyza
• gall midge
• mitochondrion
• gene order
• phylogeny

The predatory gall midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is widely distributed in the world (Harris 1973; Yang and Wang 1987; Yukawa et al. 1998), which is one of the most important entomophagous arthropods used for aphid control. Actually, its larva could prey on over 85 aphid species (Meadow et al. 1985; Shang et al. 2019; Boulanger et al. 2019). In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the mitogenome of Aphidoletes aphidimyza, firstly.

The research materials were collected from Bozhou District, Guizhou, China (106°17′E, 26°57′N) in May 2015. Voucher specimens are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University,China(Maofa Yang, [email protected]) and the laber number is GUGC-IDT-0908521. The total genomic DNA was extracted from 20 instar3rd larvaes of A. aphidimyza. using the DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Cat. No. 69504). The mitogenome of A. aphidimyza was sequenced by Illumina NovaSeq6000 platform with 150 bp paired-end (Berry Genomics, Beijing, China). The reads were assembled and annotated using Generous Prime (v2019.1.3). All tRNA genes were identified by ARWEN v1.2 (Laslett and Canbäck 2008). The annotated sequences of mitogenome were submitted to GenBank with accession number MT364341. All protein coding genes (PCGs) were aligned using MAFFT algorithm in the TranslatorX (Abascal et al. 2010; Katoh et al. 2017), and then poorly aligned results were removed by Gblocks 9.1b (Castresana 2000; Abascal et al. 2010). Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed based on the 1st and 2nd codon positions of 13 PCGs using the GTR + I + G model determined by MrBayes 3.2.7. on Cipres platform among A. aphidimyza and 11 reference species (Ronquist et al. 2012; Meng et al. 2019).

The complete mitogenome of A. aphidimyza is 14,982 bp in length with a high A + T content of 85.1%, including 13 PCGs, 22 tRNA genes (tRNAs), two rRNA genes (rRNAs) and one control region. Its gene composition and order were the same as other Cecidomyiidae mitogenomes (Beckenbach and Joy 2009). All PCGs used standard started codon ATN and stop codon TAA. The length of 22 tRNA ranged from 37 bp (tRNA-A) to 71 bp (tRNA-G). Genes of 16S rRNA and 12S rRNA are 1,273 bp and 766 bp, respectively.

The phylogenetic tree shows that A. aphidimyza was clustered into clade of Cecidomyiidae species, with sister to Cecidomyiidae sp. (MF410944) (Figure 1). This work further enriched mitogenome database of the family Cecidomyiidae, with facilitating future studies on taxonomy and molecular systematics.

Figure 1. Phylogenetic analysis of Aphidoletes aphidimyza based on the 1st and 2nd codon positions of 13 PCGs. (Numbers at nodes are bootstrap values. The GenBank accession number for each species is listed after the scientific name).

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in GenBank at https: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MT364341, Associated BioProject, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA718061, BioSample accession number at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/biosample/SAMN18521476 and Sequence Read Archive at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/SRR14087947.

Additional information

Funding

This research work was supported by Guizhou University introduced talents for scientific research project [(2016)70]; the program of Zunyi Branch Company, Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company [2016-08] and Excellent Innovation Talents, Guizhou Province, China [(2016)-4022].