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ABSTRACT
The fields of cancer immunology and immunotherapy have made dramatic progress in the past 20 years. Various approaches to cancer immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines using peptides, proteins, DNA, and dendritic cells, have been developed to activate antigen-specific immune cells and their efficacy has been clinically examined. Herein, we summarize previously performed clinical trials of various immunotherapies against colorectal cancer (CRC), including our own novel immunotherapeutic approach, the “personalized peptide vaccine”, in which human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched vaccine peptides are selected based on pre-existing host immunity before vaccination. In the near future, neoepitopes identified through massive DNA sequencing of the genetic alterations in tumor cells, combined with robust T cell epitope predictions in each patient might be targeted as a personalized immunotherapy for CRC.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
The authors were supported by The Japan Agency for Medical Research and development (AMED), The regional innovation cluster program for the ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, Sendai Kousei Hospital. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.