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Articles

“Far Back in American Time”: Culture, Region, Nation, Appalachia, and the Geography of Voice

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Pages 1406-1421 | Received 01 Dec 2016, Accepted 01 Jan 2018, Published online: 19 Mar 2018
 

Abstract

This article develops a geography of voice to address the ways in which cultures, regions, and nations are imagined, figured, and defined. It adopts Connor's (2000) notion of vocalic space as a starting point from which to explore folk song collecting practices in Appalachia. It develops this in relation to Bauman and Briggs's (2003) postcolonial critique of the status of language and speech in ethnographic theory. Historically, the Appalachian region has received substantial ethnographic cultural study. Working with insights supplied by the collecting activities and subsequent writings of two key collectors—Cecil Sharp (1859–1924) and Alan Lomax (1915–2002)—this article offers a sociomaterial conception of voice key to its affective politics and examines historical theorizations. These are first derived from folklore and ethnography, later anthropology and sociology, and second, articulated with regard to geographies of region and nation. These are then considered in relation to geographer James Duncan's (1980, 1998) critique of the superorganic as an explanation of regional cultural distinctiveness. It concludes by arguing that a geography of voice can contribute to critical approaches to regionalism. An understanding of how vocalic spaces are figured and assembled is key to explaining how culture can be translated through levels of abstraction in ways that can marginalize and disenfranchise the very peoples given voice in regional studies of culture.

本文发展声音的地理学, 以应对文化、区域和民族被想像、描绘和定义的方式。本文採用康纳 (2000) 的声音空间之概念, 着手探讨在阿帕拉契蒐集民谣的实践。本文将之连结至鲍曼和布里格 (2003) 对于语言和言说在民族志理论中的位置之后殖民批评。阿帕拉契地区在历史上容纳了大量的民族志文化研究。本文运用两位重要搜集者——赛西尔.夏普 (1895–1924) 与艾伦.罗麦斯 (1915–2002) ——的搜集活动及其后续写作所提供的洞见, 提供对声音的情感政治而言相当关键的声音社会物质之概念化, 并检视历史的理论化。这些理论化首先源自民俗学与民族志并随后来自人类学与社会学; 再者, 这些理论化与区域和民族的地理相互接合。此外, 这些理论化将就地理学者詹姆士.邓肯 (1980, 1988) 对于超有机作为解释区域文化特徵的批评进行考量。本文于结论中主张, 声音地理学能够对区域主义的批判取径做出贡献。对于声音空间如何描绘并组合的理解, 是解释文化如何以不同程度的抽象化进行翻译、但该方式却可能边缘化并剥夺在文化区域研究中被赋予声音的人们之关键。

En este artículo se desarrolla una geografía vocal para escudriñar el modo como culturas, regiones y naciones son imaginadas, ilustradas y definidas. En el artículo se adopta la noción de Connor (2000) del espacio vocálico como punto de partida desde el cual explorar las prácticas coleccionistas de canciones folclóricas en la región de los Apalaches. Lo anterior se desarrolla alrededor de la crítica poscolonial de Bauman y Briggs (2003) al estatus del idioma y el habla en la teoría etnográfica. A través de la historia, la región de los Apalaches ha sido objeto de sustanciales estudios etnográficos culturales. A partir de valiosas perspectivas que se desprenden de las actividades de recolección de información y de los escritos subsiguientes de dos investigadores claves––Cecil Sharp (1859–1924) y Alan Lomax (1915–2002)––este artículo ofrece una concepción sociomaterial de la voz, clave para su política afectiva, y examina teorizaciones históricas. Estas se derivan, primero, del folclor y la etnografía y más tarde de la antropología y la sociología, y, segundo, se articulan en relación con geografías de la región y la nación. Luego, son analizadas a la luz de la crítica de lo superorgánico del geógrafo James Duncan (1980, 1998), como explicación del carácter distintivo de la cultura regional. Se concluye con la argumentación de que una geografía de la voz puede contribuir enfoques críticos al regionalismo. Entender el modo como se ilustran y ensamblan los espacios vocálicos es crucial para explicar cómo la cultura puede traducirse por medio de niveles de abstracción en modos que puedan marginar y despojar de sus derechos a los propios pueblos a los que se otorga voz en los estudios regionales de la cultura.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

George Revill

GEORGE REVILL is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Geography at the Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include geographies of music, sound, landscape, and environment.

John R. Gold

JOHN R. GOLD is Professor in the Department of Social Sciences at Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK. E-mail: [email protected]. He is also Special Appointed Professor in the Graduate School of Governance Studies at Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan, and editor of the journal Planning Perspectives. His two current research interests are concerned with the urban impact of architectural modernism and with the staging of city festivals.

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