842
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Coffee, Trees, and Labor: Political Economy of Biodiversity in Commodity Agroforests

, , ORCID Icon &
Pages 1046-1061 | Received 17 Oct 2017, Accepted 19 May 2020, Published online: 21 Sep 2020
 

Abstract

Tropical and subtropical plantation agriculture has been shown to be compatible with the conservation of biodiversity, but the specific practices, conditions, and farmer strategies associated with such diversity remain poorly understood. In the ecologically rich region of India’s Western Ghats, specifically, farm-scale tree species diversity is a key structural condition explaining avian diversity. Surveying a sample of coffee plantations in the region, we examine farm-scale conditions that give rise to biodiversity. Results suggest that larger plantation size, recent increase in canopy density, and the cultivation of Coffea arabica varieties all encourage tree species diversity necessary for habitat. Results also suggest, however, that these structural conditions are more labor and pesticide intensive. These findings raise some serious questions about the sustainability of biodiversity in this context and suggest difficult trade-offs under conditions of demographic transition, declining labor availability, and concern about chemical inputs. They also reinforce the importance of neo-Chayanovian theories of smallholder behavior throughout geography but especially in the field of political ecology.

热带和亚热带种植农业和生物多样性保护是相互兼容的, 然而与多样性相关的行为、条件和农耕策略, 我们了解甚少。特别的, 在生态多样性丰富的印度西高止山地区, 农场尺度上的树种多样性是解释鸟类多样性的主要结构性条件。通过对咖啡种植的样本研究, 我们探讨了农场尺度上生物多样性的条件。结果显示, 大面积的种植、树冠密度的提升、小果咖啡的种植, 促进了栖息地的树种多样性, 而这些结构性条件需要大量人力和农药。在此环境下, 生物多样性的可持续性存在着严重问题。在人口变化、劳动力减少、对化学品有顾虑的情况下, 本文提出了折中的建议。对于地理学尤其是政治生态学, 本文也强调了非Chayanov理论在研究小农场主行为的重要性。

La agricultura de plantación tropical y subtropical ha sido mostrada como compatible con la conservación de la biodiversidad, aunque las prácticas específicas, condiciones y estrategias adoptadas por el agricultor que concurren con tal diversidad siguen pobremente comprendidas. Específicamente, en los Ghats Occidentales de la India, región muy rica en términos ecológicos, la diversidad de especies arbóreas a escala de granja es una condición estructural clave para explicar la diversidad aviaria. Inspeccionando una muestra de plantaciones cafeteras de la región, examinamos las condiciones a escala de granja que se traducen en biodiversidad. Los resultados sugieren que un mayor tamaño de la plantación, el incremento reciente en densidad del dosel arbóreo y el cultivo con variedades de Coffea arabica, todo esto, estimula la diversidad de especies de árboles necesaria para el hábitat. Sin embargo, los resultados sugieren también que estas condiciones estructurales son más intensivas en términos de trabajo y uso de pesticidas. Estos descubrimientos levantan algunos interrogantes serios acerca de la sustentabilidad de la biodiversidad, en este contexto, y sugieren intercambios difíciles bajo condiciones de transición demográfica, declinación de la disponibilidad de trabajadores y preocupación acerca de los insumos químicos. Refuerzan también la importancia de las teorías neo-chayanovianas sobre la conducta del pequeño agricultor, a través de toda la geografía, pero especialmente en el campo de la ecología política.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Paul Robbins

PAUL ROBBINS is Professor and Dean of the Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706. E-mail: [email protected]. His research focuses on the political ecology of resource management and the politics of environmental knowledge in colonial and postcolonial contexts.

Vaishnavi Tripuraneni

VAISHNAVI TRIPURANENI is a PhD Candidate in the Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research interests include agrarian political economy, political ecology, livelihoods, conservation and development, and mixed methods.

Krithi K. Karanth

KRITHI K. KARANTH is Chief Conservation Scientist at the Centre for Wildlife Studies, Bengaluru, India 560042, and Adjunct Associate Professor at Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research focuses on human–wildlife interactions, tourism, land use, conservation education, and species distributions.

Ashwini Chhatre

ASHWINI CHHATRE is Associate Professor of Public Policy at the Indian School of Business, Hyderabad, Telangana 500111 India. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include economics and public policy, especially in the areas of assets, livelihoods, and differentiated social vulnerability in the context of climate change.

Log in via your institution

Log in to Taylor & Francis Online

PDF download + Online access

  • 48 hours access to article PDF & online version
  • Article PDF can be downloaded
  • Article PDF can be printed
USD 53.00 Add to cart

Issue Purchase

  • 30 days online access to complete issue
  • Article PDFs can be downloaded
  • Article PDFs can be printed
USD 312.00 Add to cart

* Local tax will be added as applicable

Related Research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.