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Articles

Characterizing People’s Daily Activity Patterns in the Urban Environment: A Mobility Network Approach with Geographic Context-Aware Twitter Data

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Pages 1967-1987 | Received 14 Jan 2020, Accepted 17 Nov 2020, Published online: 08 Apr 2021
 

Abstract

People’s daily activities in the urban environment are complex and vary by individual. Existing studies using mobile phone data revealed distinct and recurrent transitional activity patterns, known as mobility motifs, in people’s daily lives. The limitation in using only a few inferred activity types hinders our ability to examine general patterns in detail. We proposed a mobility network approach with geographic context-aware Twitter data to investigate granular daily activity patterns in the urban environment. We first used publicly accessible geolocated tweets to track the movements of individuals in two major U.S. cities, Chicago and Greater Boston, where each recorded location is associated with its closest land use parcel to enrich its geographic context. A direct mobility network represents the daily location history of the selected active users, where the nodes are physical places with semantically labeled activity types and the edges represent the transitions. Analyzing the isomorphic structure of the mobility networks uncovered sixteen types of location-based motifs, which describe over 83 percent of the networks in both cities and are comparable to those from previous studies. With detailed and semantically labeled transitions between every two activities, we further dissected the general location-based motifs into activity-based motifs, where sixteen common activity-based motifs describe more than 57 percent of transitional behaviors in the daily activities in the two cities. The integration of geographic context from the synthesis of geolocated Twitter data with land use parcels enables us to reveal unique activity motifs that form the fundamental elements embedded in complex urban activities.

在城市环境中, 人类的日常活动是复杂的并且因人而异。现有对手机数据的研究, 揭示了人类日常生活中的不同而反复的转换活动模式(移动性主题)。少数的、基于推断的活动类型具有局限性, 妨碍了我们对普遍性模式的详尽研究。我们提出了地理背景推特数据的移动网络方法, 研究了城市环境的粒状日常活动模式。首先使用公开的地理定位推文, 跟踪了美国两大城市(芝加哥和大波士顿地区)的个人活动。每个位置, 都与其最近的土地利用斑块相关联, 从而丰富了该位置的地理背景。直接移动网络表达活跃用户的日常位置历史:网络节点为具有活动类型标注的物理位置, 网络链接为转换。通过分析移动网络的同构结构, 本文发现了16种位置模式, 能描述两个城市83%以上的移动网络, 这一结果与以往的研究相一致。根据每两个活动之间的具有详细语义标注的转换, 进一步将位置主题分解为活动主题。其中, 16个常见的活动主题, 描述了两个城市日常活动中57%以上的转换行为。结合地理定位推特数据的地理背景及其土地利用斑块, 能够揭示独特的活动主题, 而这些主题构成了复杂城市活动的基本元素。

Las actividades cotidianas de la gente en el entorno urbano son complejas y varían entre los individuos. Los estudios disponibles, que usaron datos del teléfono móvil, revelaron en las vidas cotidianas de la gente patrones distintos y recurrentes de actividad transicional, conocidos como motivos de movilidad. La limitación por usar apenas unos pocos tipos de actividad inferida dificulta nuestra capacidad de examinar en detalle los patrones generales. Propusimos un enfoque de movilidad encadenada con datos de Twiter, conscientes del contexto geográfico, para examinar patrones de actividad cotidiana granular en el entorno urbano. Primero que todo, usamos tuits geolocalizados accesibles de manera pública para trazar los movimientos de individuos en dos de las principales ciudades norteamericanas, Chicago y la Gran Boston, donde cada localización registrada está asociada con su parcela más cercana de uso del suelo para enriquecer su contexto geográfico. Una red de movilidad directa representa la historia locacional diaria de usuarios de una actividad seleccionada, donde los nodos son lugares físicos con tipos de actividad etiquetados semánticamente, y donde los bordes representan las transiciones. Al analizar la estructura isomórfica de las redes de movilidad se pusieron de manifiesto dieciséis tipos de motivos basados en localización, los cuales describen más del 83 por ciento de las redes en ambas ciudades y son comparables con los registrados en estudios previos. Con las transiciones detalladas y etiquetadas semánticamente entre cada dos actividades, avanzamos en la descripción minuciosa de los motivos generales basados en localización, en motivos basados en actividad, donde dieciséis motivos basados en actividad común describen más del 57 por ciento de los comportamientos transicionales en las actividades cotidianas de las dos ciudades. La integración del contexto geográfico a partir de la síntesis de datos Twiter geolocalizados con parcelas de uso del suelo nos habilita para revelar motivos de actividad únicos que forman los elementos fundamentales insertos en las complejas actividades urbanas.

Acknowledgments

We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on earlier versions of the article.

Additional information

Funding

This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (Awards #1541136 and #1823633); the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (Award #P2C HD041025); the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture and Multistate Research Project #PEN04623 (Accession #1013257); and the Social Science Research Institute, Population Research Institute, and Institute for Computational and Data Sciences of the Pennsylvania State University.

Notes on contributors

Junjun Yin

JUNJUN YIN is an Assistant Research Professor in the Computational and Spatial Analysis Core at The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include computational geography approaches and geospatial big data to model human–urban environment interactions about urban mobility, accessibility, and sustainability.

Guangqing Chi

GUANGQING CHI is Professor of Rural Sociology, Demography, and Public Health Sciences in the Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology, and Education and Director of the Computational and Spatial Analysis Core at The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests focus on socioenvironmental systems, aiming to understand the interactions between human populations and built and natural environments and to identify important assets to help vulnerable populations adapt and become resilient to environmental changes by developing and implementing spatial and big data analytic methods.

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