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Articles

The Field Geomorphologist in a Time of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

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Pages 1260-1277 | Received 22 Jan 2021, Accepted 19 Aug 2021, Published online: 07 Jan 2022
 

Abstract

An increasing number of papers incorporate machine learning (ML) approaches to analyze spatially and temporally rich data sets in geomorphology. These data-driven approaches have the potential to significantly improve our understanding of complex systems across a range of scales and support the development of new theories of landform and landscape development that can eventually be incorporated into predictive models. Coupled with the growing availability of remotely sensed data, geomorphology could move further toward a desk-based science and erosion of the field tradition. Using examples from coastal geomorphology, this review of ML applications argues that the development of models that are scalable and can be translated between sites is dependent on experience in the field. Although ML models are shown to be effective as a surrogate to process-based numerical models, they are only as good as our conceptual understanding of landform and landscape form and evolution. This means that ML is simply a new and powerful tool in the proverbial belt of the geomorphologist and should not come at the expense of the field tradition that informs us of whether ML results are accurate, transferable, and scalable.

越来越多的文献采用机器学习(ML)方法去分析地貌学时空数据。这些数据驱动的方法可能会大大提高我们对多尺度复杂系统的理解, 支持地貌和景观变化的新理论的研究, 并最终纳入预测模型。结合日益增长的遥感数据, 地貌学可能会进一步发展成为“桌面科学”, 并“侵蚀”了实地传统。本文通过海岸地貌学的实例, 回顾了ML的应用。认为, 可扩展的、适用于不同地点的模型依赖于实地经验。尽管ML模型被证实能有效替代基于过程的数值模型, 但ML模型只能实现我们已有的对地貌和景观形态和演化的概念性理解。这意味着, ML只是地貌学家在已知领域内的强大的新工具, 我们不应舍弃能判断ML结果是否准确、是否可移植和扩展的实地传统。

Un número creciente de artículos incorporan enfoques de aprendizaje automático (ML) para analizar espacial y temporalmente conjuntos de datos enriquecidos en geomorfología. Estos enfoques basados en datos tienen el potencial de mejorar significativamente nuestro entendimiento de sistemas complejos a través de una gama de escalas, y de servir de apoyo al desarrollo de nuevas teorías sobre la evolución de las geoformas y el paisaje, que eventualmente puedan incorporarse en los modelos predictivos. Junto con la creciente disponibilidad de datos teledetectados, la geomorfología podría avanzar más hacia una ciencia de escritorio y al desgaste de la tradición del trabajo de campo. Usando ejemplos de la geomorfología litoral, esta revisión de las aplicaciones del ML arguye que el desarrollo de modelos que sean escalables y puedan trasladarse entre sitios está condicionado por la experiencia en el campo. Si bien los modelos del ML han demostrado su efectividad como sustitutos de los modelos numéricos basados en procesos, solo son tan buenos como nuestro entendimiento conceptual de la forma y evolución de las geoformas y el paisaje. Esto significa que el ML es simplemente una nueva y poderosa herramienta en el proverbial cinturón del geomorfólogo y no debería ir en detrimento de la tradición del trabajo de campo que nos informa sobre si los resultados del ML son precisos, transferibles y escalables.

Additional information

Funding

Funding for this study was provided to Chris Houser from NSERC.

Notes on contributors

Chris Houser

CHRIS HOUSER is a Professor in the School of the Environment at the University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include coastal and aeolian geomorphology and the physical and social dimensions of beach safety.

Jacob Lehner

JACOB LEHNER is a PhD Student in the School of the Environment at the University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include the application of machine learning to coastal and aeolian geomorphology.

Alex Smith

ALEX SMITH is a Postdoctoral Fellow in the School of the Environment at the University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include coastal and aeolian geomorphology and the application of machine learning to understanding coastal change.

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