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Articles

Estimation of Segment-Averaged Geometric-Hydraulic Relationships as a Function of Depth in Natural Rivers Using Inverse Modeling

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Pages 949-972 | Received 16 Apr 2021, Accepted 24 Oct 2022, Published online: 08 Feb 2023
 

Abstract

This article presents a novel method to identify geometric-hydraulic relationships–in terms of mathematical formulas—in the form of segment-averaged outputs and a function of depth in rivers. There are several methods for determining geometric-hydraulic relationships in rivers, including flow area, wetted perimeter, and the flow top width. Direct field surveying and using aerial and satellite sensor instruments are the most prevalent. The model presented here, however, is based on the inverse solution of the Saint-Venant equations without costly field-surveyed river geometry data. The relationships mentioned earlier can be easily used in various hydraulic models, such as flood routing, sediment transport, pollutant transport, and so on. Moreover, this method requires the lowest number of parameters as the input of the inverse model because by minimizing the corresponding objective function, the desired parameters are estimated in the whole studied segment. The proposed inverse model is validated using hypothetical and real test cases. In one of the test cases—as the most comprehensive and practical test case—the application of the presented inverse model was validated in a river network. The Manning roughness coefficient and geometric-hydraulic relationships for different segments were simultaneously estimated at an acceptable level of accuracy and computational costs in this river network. Ultimately, the real and identified geometric-hydraulic relationships are compared for each test case, and statistical indexes are demonstrated. Overall, the results and statistical indexes indicate that the model is more successful and also cheaper than costly conventional methods.

本文提出了确定几何特性与水力关系的一种新方法, 包括基于河段平均输出和河流深度函数的数学方程。目前, 有多种确定河流几何—水力关系的方法, 包括水流面积、湿润周长和水源宽度, 主要基于实地调查或者航空和卫星遥感。本文利用圣维南方程(Saint-Venant)的逆解, 不需对河流几何特征进行昂贵的实地测量。各种水力模型(例如, 洪水推演、泥沙输送、污染物输送等)可以很方便地采用这种几何—水力关系。通过目标函数的最小化, 可以实现整个河段的参数估计。因此, 该逆模型需要最少的输入参数。利用假设和实际案例, 对该逆模型进行了验证。采用一个最全面最符合实际的河网案例, 检验了该逆模型的应用, 评估了不同河段的曼宁糙率系数和几何—水力关系, 取得了良好的精度和计算成本。最后, 比较了每个案例的实际和模拟几何—水力关系, 展示了相应的统计指标。总体而言, 结果和统计指标表明, 该逆模型比昂贵的传统方法更有效、更简便。

Este artículo presenta un novedoso método con el cual identificar las relaciones geométrico-hidráulicas –en términos de fórmulas matemáticas– en forma de rendimientos promediados por segmentos y en función de la profundidad de los ríos. Se dispone de varios métodos para determinar las relaciones geométrico-hidráulicas en los ríos, incluyendo el área de flujo, el perímetro mojado y el ancho de la parte superior del flujo. Los de mayor prevalencia son la medición directa sobre el terreno y el uso de instrumentos aéreos y sensores satelitales. Sin embargo, el modelo que aquí se presenta se basa en la solución inversa de las ecuaciones de Saint-Venant, que obvia los costosos datos de la geometría del río que se obtienen en el campo. Las relaciones mencionadas antes pueden usarse fácilmente en varios modelos hidráulicos, tales como el trazado de inundaciones, el transporte de sedimentos, el transporte de contaminantes y demás. Aún más, este método demanda un mínimo número de parámetros como input del modelo inverso porque al minimizar la función correspondiente que es objetivo, se estiman los parámetros deseados en todo el segmento estudiado. El modelo inverso que se propone se valida usando casos de prueba hipotéticos y reales. En uno de los casos de prueba –el caso más completo y práctico– se validó en una red fluvial la aplicación del modelo inverso presentado. El coeficiente de rugosidad de Manning y las relaciones geométrico-hidráulicas para diferentes segmentos se calcularon simultáneamente a un aceptables nivel de precisión y costos computacionales en esta red fluvial. Finalmente, las relaciones geométrico-hidráulicas reales e identificadas se comparan para cada caso de prueba, y se demuestran los índices estadísticos. En conjunto, los resultados y los índices estadísticos indican que el modelo funciona mejor y es también más barato que los costosos métodos convencionales.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Soodeh Kalami

SOODEH KALAMI is a Graduate Student in the Department of Water Engineering and Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research interests include inverse solution techniques and the numerical solution of flow and transport equations in rivers.

Siamak Amiri

SIAMAK AMIRI is a Researcher and Graduate Student in the Department of Water Engineering and Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]. His studies focus on pollutant source identification (inverse solution of pollutant transport equation), water quality modeling and management in water bodies, and analytical and numerical solutions in surface waters.

Mehdi Mazaheri

MEHDI MAZAHERI is an Associate Professor in the Department of Water Engineering and Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]. The numerical and analytical solution of hydrodynamic and pollutant transport equations, pollutant source identification (inverse solution of pollutant transport equation), and specialized software development are among his research interests.

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