The solid state synthesis of novel pyrazolyl-5-amino-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives using Fe₃O₄@SP@TA nanocomposites as a novel, green, and magnetically separable catalyst

Abstract

Tannic acid‐functionalized silica‐coated Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites (Fe₃O₄@SP@TA) were synthesized and characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Fe₃O₄@SP@TA nanocomposite supplies an environmentally friendly procedure for the synthesis of some novel pyrazolyl-5-amino-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile through a three-component mechanochemical reaction of synthetized pyrazolecarbaldehydes, malononitrile, and phenylhydrazine according to green chemistry rules. These compounds were obtained in high yields and short reaction times. The catalyst could be easily recovered and reused for six cycles with almost consistent activity. The structures of the synthesized pyrazolyl-5-amino-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile compounds were confirmed by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and FTIR spectral data and elemental analyses.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Solid state
• mechanochemical reaction
• pyrazolyl-5-amino-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile
• Fe₃O₄@SP@TA
• malononitrile
• three-component reaction
• nanocomposite

Acknowledgements

Financial support from the Research Council of Islamic Azad University of Rasht branch is sincerely acknowledged.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.