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Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
Revue canadienne des soins respiratoires et critiques et de la médecine du sommeil
Volume 2, 2018 - Issue 4
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Original Research

20-Year trends in severe childhood asthma outcomes: Hospitalizations and intensive care visits

ORCID Icon, , , &
Pages 224-233 | Received 27 Oct 2017, Accepted 04 May 2018, Published online: 25 Sep 2018
 

Abstract

RATIONALE: Few studies have examined trends in the rates of severe exacerbations of childhood asthma.

OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to measure changes over time, and factors associated with severe asthma outcomes, namely hospitalizations and intensive care unit admissions among children.

METHODS: This was a population-based retrospective multiple birth cohort study spanning the years 1996-2013. Health administrative data from the province of Ontario, Canada was used to assemble ten consecutive birth cohorts and identify children who were diagnosed with asthma between 0 and 8 years of age. Trends in the proportion of children hospitalized at the first diagnosis of asthma or admitted to intensive care units were quantified. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of each outcome.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 1,241,060 Ontario-born children, 254,964 were diagnosed with asthma. The proportion of children hospitalized at first asthma diagnosis decreased over time (5.81% to 4.44%, p-trend <0.0001). Asthma-intensive care unit admissions increased 7-fold (0.03% to 0.22%, p-trend <0.0001), and ventilation admissions increased 5-fold (0.02% to 0.1%, p-trend <0.0001). Younger age at diagnosis, male sex, comorbidities, lower socioeconomic status and rurality were significant predictors of asthma admissions; more pediatrician visits and higher neighbourhood ethnic concentration were protective.

CONCLUSIONS: Although a smaller proportion of children over time are hospitalized at first asthma diagnosis, these admissions may be preventable among children with previous asthma-related healthcare encounters. This, along with increases in intensive care unit admission rates, suggests health care providers need to do more to prevent severe childhood asthma exacerbations.

RÉSUMÉ

JUSTIFICATION: Peu d’études se sont intéressées aux tendances dans l’évolution des taux d’exacerbations sévères chez les enfants asthmatiques.

OBJECTIFS: Notre objectif était de mesurer les changements survenus au fil du temps, ainsi que les facteurs associés à l’asthme sévère, notamment les hospitalisations et les admissions à l’unité des soins intensifs chez les enfants.

MÉTHODES: Il s’agissait d’une étude de cohorte populationnelle rétrospective des naissances multiples pour la période allant de 1996 à 2013. Les données administratives de la province de l’Ontario, Canada, ont été utilisées pour construire dix cohortes de naissance consécutives et repérer les enfants ayant reçu un diagnostic d’asthme entre 0 et 8 ans. Les tendances dans la proportion d’enfants hospitalisés au moment du premier diagnostic d’asthme ou admis dans une unité des soins intensifs ont été quantifiées. Une régression logistique multivariée a été utilisée pour déterminer les prédicteurs de chaque résultat.

MESURES ET PRINCIPAUX RÉSULTATS: Parmi les 1 241 060 enfants nés en Ontario, 254 964 ont reçu un diagnostic d’asthme. La proportion d’enfants hospitalisés au moment de leur premier diagnostic d’asthme a diminué au fil du temps (de 5,81 % à 4,44 %, p de tendance <0,0001). Les admissions dans les unités de soins intensifs attribuables à l’asthme ont été sept fois plus élevées (de 0,03 % à 0,22 %, p de tendance <0,0001) et les hospitalisations pour ventilation ont été cinq fois plus élevées (de 0,02 % à 0,1 %, p de tendance <0,0001). Le diagnostic à un plus jeune âge, le sexe masculin, les comorbidités, un statut socioéconomique plus faible et la ruralité étaient des prédicteurs significatifs de l’hospitalisation pour asthme, tandis qu’un plus grand nombre de visites chez le pédiatre et une forte concentration ethnique dans le quartier étaient des facteur de protection.

CONCLUSIONS: Bien qu’au fil du temps, une plus petite proportion d’enfants aient été hospitalisés au moment de leur premier diagnostic d’asthme, ces hospitalisations pourraient être évitées chez les enfants qui ont eu des consultations médicales liées à l’asthme auparavant. Ce résultat, tout comme l’augmentation des admissions aux soins intensifs, permet d’affirmer que les prestataires de soins de santé doivent en faire davantage pour prévenir les exacerbations sévères de l’asthme chez les enfants.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the statistical analysis provided by Kuan Liu, M.Sc. at the ICES Western site.

Disclosure statement

The authors report no conflict of interest. The opinions, results and conclusions reported in this paper are those of the authors and are independent from the funding sources. No endorsement by ICES, AMOSO, SSMD, LHRI, or the Ontario MOHLTC is intended or should be inferred. Parts of this material are based on data and information compiled and provided by The Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI). However, the analyses, conclusions, opinions and statements expressed herein are those of the author and not necessarily those of CIHI.

Additional information

Funding

D. Radhakrishnan received a Restracomp award from the Hospital for Sick Children Research Training Centre, a fellowship award from the Ontario Thoracic Society and a grant from the Academic Medical Association of Southwestern Ontario toward this research. A. Guttmann receives salary support from a Canadian Institute for Health Research Applied Chair in Reproductive and Child Health Services and Policy Research. This study was supported by the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) Western site. ICES is a nonprofit organization funded by an annual grant from the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC). Core funding for ICES Western is provided by the Academic Medical Organization of Southwestern Ontario (AMOSO), the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry (SSMD), Western University, and the Lawson Health Research Institute (LHRI).

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