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Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
Revue canadienne des soins respiratoires et critiques et de la médecine du sommeil
Volume 3, 2019 - Issue 3
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Original Research

Direct and indirect costs associated with moderate and severe asthma in Quebec, Canada

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Pages 134-142 | Published online: 27 Feb 2019
 

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Asthma affects nearly one-tenth of the Canadian population. The purpose of these studies was to estimate the direct and indirect costs of asthma in Canada, using data from the Registre de données en Santé Pulmonaire (RESP), Quebec health administration databases, and prospective data from randomly selected patients from the RESP registry.

METHODS: A 2-year, retrospective study (Study 1) and a 1-year, prospective study (Study 2) were conducted in patients with asthma. In Study 1, annual, asthma-related direct healthcare utilization per patient and medication costs per patient were determined and stratified by asthma severity and control. In Study 2, indirect costs were estimated for lost work time (absenteeism) and productivity (presenteeism).

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In Study 1 (N = 331), the annual asthma-related direct cost was CAN$2,018/patient, with medication constituting 91% of the total cost. Annual costs for very severe or uncontrolled asthma were CAN$11,946/patient and CAN$2,884/patient, respectively. In Study 2 (N = 101), the asthma-related annual indirect cost ranged from CAN$373 to CAN$807/patient.

CONCLUSIONS: Our studies provide evidence that direct and indirect costs of asthma in Quebec are substantial. Direct costs are mainly related to the cost of medications and are influenced by asthma severity and control. Indirect costs are caused mainly by absenteeism.

RÉSUMÉ

OBJECTIFS: L’asthme affecte près d’un dixième de la population canadienne. Le but de ces études était d’estimer les coûts directs et indirects de l’asthme au Canada, à l’aide des données du Registre de données en Santé Pulmonaire (RESP), des bases de données administratives sur la santé au Québec et de données prospectives provenant de patients sélectionnés au hasard dans le RESP.

MÉTHODES: Une étude rétrospective de deux ans (Étude 1) et une étude prospective d’un an (Étude 2) ont été menées auprès de patients souffrant d’asthme. Dans l’étude 1, l’utilisation annuelle des soins de santé directement liée à l’asthme par patient et le coût de l’utilisation de médicaments par patient ont été déterminés et stratifiés selon la sévérité et le contrôle de l’asthme. Dans l’étude 2, les coûts indirects ont été estimés pour la perte de temps de travail (absentéisme) et de productivité (présentéisme).

MESURES ET PRINCIPAUX RÉSULTATS: Dans l’étude 1 (N = 331), le coût direct annuel lié à l’asthme était de 2 018 $ CA par patient, dont 91 % correspondait aux médicaments. Les coûts annuels pour l’asthme très sévère ou non contrôlé étaient de 11 946 $ CA par patient et de 2 284 $ CA par patient respectivement. Dans l’étude 2 (N = 101) le coût indirect annuel lié à l’asthme se situait entre 373 $ CA et 807 $ CA par patient.

CONCLUSIONS: Nos études démontrent par des données probantes que les coûts directs et indirects de l’asthme au Québec sont considérables. Les coûts directs sont surtout liés au coût des médicaments et sont influencés par la sévérité et le contrôle de l’asthme. Les coûts directs sont surtout occasionnés par l’absentéisme.

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank the other RESP investigators for providing help with obtaining patient data from the RESP database and who worked alongside Lucie Blais and Catherine Lemiere (in alphabetical order): Simon L. Bacon, Marie-France Beauchesne, Kim Lavoie, Gregory Moullec, Veronique Pepin, and Jadranka Spahija. The authors would also like to thank Mary E. Morgan, PhD, from Fishawack Indicia Ltd, who provided editorial support with developing this manuscript (in the form of writing assistance, including development of the initial outline and draft based on author input, assembling tables and figures, collating authors comments, grammatical editing, and referencing). This support was funded by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK).

Disclosure statement

The authors of this manuscript declare the following real or perceived conflicts of interest: A. Ismaila and S. Zhang are employees of GSK and hold stock in GSK. A. Ismaila is also an unpaid professor at McMaster University in Canada. L. Blais received research grants and honoraria from AstraZeneca, Pfizer, and GSK. D. Corriveau and T. Dang-Tan were, at the time of the study, employees of GSK and held stock in GSK. A. Forget and F-Z. Kettani have no conflicts of interests to declare. C. Lemiere received research grants and honoraria from GSK, AstraZeneca, Teva, Novartis, and Merck.

Additional information

Funding

These studies were funded by GSK (200346/200347).

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