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Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
Revue canadienne des soins respiratoires et critiques et de la médecine du sommeil
Volume 7, 2023 - Issue 2
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Original Research

Economic burden of cystic fibrosis care in British Columbia

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Pages 60-69 | Received 11 Dec 2022, Accepted 25 Jan 2023, Published online: 16 Mar 2023
 

Abstract

RATIONALE: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a progressive multi-organ disease with significant morbidity placing extensive demands on the health care system. No recent estimate of CF health care costs in a Canadian context exists.

OBJECTIVES: Provide up-to-date direct cost estimates of the economic burden of CF from the perspective of a Canadian health care system.

METHODS: A longitudinal study of retrospective data was completed in British Columbia by linking the Canadian CF Registry with provincial health care administrative databases for the period between 2007 and 2017.

MEASUREMENTS: Health care spending (in constant 2017 Canadian dollars) for CF outpatient services, inpatient hospitalizations, medications, and emergency department visits were included. Generalized estimating equations approach for repeated annual cost data over time was used to estimate health care costs.

MAIN RESULTS: The overall total direct annual health care spending for CF care in BC increased from $10.6M to $17.2M from 2007 to 2017 ($2017, mean costs per CF patient increased from $31.7K to $42.2K; Cost ratio: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.12-1.57). Outpatient medications, inpatient hospitalizations, outpatient services, and emergency department visits were responsible for 56%, 36%, 7.4% and 0.5% of total costs, respectively. CF adults also showed substantial increases in costs over time (Cost ratio from 2017 relative to 2007: 1.61, 95%CI: 1.17-2.22).

CONCLUSIONS: The economic burden of CF increased from 2007 to 2017 driven by rising outpatient medication costs primarily in adults with CF. With approximately 75% of the population eligible for highly effectively cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators, the economic burden of CF is expected to increase at unprecedented rates.

RÉSUMÉ

JUSTIFICATION: La fibrose kystique est une maladie multi-organique progressive avec une morbidité importante qui exige beaucoup du système de soins de santé. Il n'existe aucune estimation récente des coûts des soins de santé liés à la fibrose kystique dans le contexte canadien.

OBJECTIFS: Fournir des estimations à jour des coûts directs du fardeau économique de la fibrose kystique du point de vue du système de soins de santé canadien.

MÉTHODES: Une étude longitudinale des données rétrospectives a été réalisée en Colombie-Britannique en reliant le Registre canadien de la fibrose kystique aux bases de données administratives provinciales sur les soins de santé pour la période allant de 2007 à 2017.

MESURES: Les dépenses en soins de santé (en dollars canadiens constants de 2017) pour les services ambulatoires liés à la fibrose kystique, les hospitalisations, les médicaments et les visites aux urgences ont été incluses. L'approche des équations d'estimation généralisée pour les données annuelles répétées sur les coûts au fil du temps a été utilisée pour estimer les coûts des soins de santé.

PRINCIPAUX RÉSULTATS: Le total des dépenses annuelles directes en soins de santé pour les personnes atteintes de fibrose kystique en Colombie-Britannique est passé de 10,6 M $ à 17,2 M $ de 2007 à 2017 ($ 2017, les coûts moyens par patient atteints de fibrose kystique sont passés de 31,7 K $ à 42,2 K $ ; ratio des coûts : 1,33, IC à 95 % : 1,12-1,57). Les médicaments pour les patients externes, les hospitalisations, les services ambulatoires et les visites aux services d'urgence représentaient respectivement 56 %, 36 %, 7,4 % et 0,5 % des coûts totaux. Les adultes atteints de la fibrose kystique ont également présenté des augmentations substantielles des coûts au fil du temps (ratio des coûts de 2017 par rapport à 2007: 1,61, IC à 95 % : 1,17-2,22).

CONCLUSIONS: Le fardeau économique de la fibrose kystique a augmenté de 2007 à 2017 en raison de la hausse du coût des médicaments pour les patients externes, principalement chez les adultes atteints de fibrose kystique. Étant donné qu'environ 75 % de la population est admissible à des modulateurs de CFTR très efficaces, on s'attend à ce que le fardeau économique de la fibrose kystique augmente à des taux sans précédent.

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the support of Cystic Fibrosis Canada, which made this study possible. They also thank all of the patients with CF and their families who consented to be part of the CCFR, as well as the CCFR clinical staff, who spent many hours inputting the data. The authors also thank Xibiao Ye and Yao Nie from the BC Ministry of Health for providing invaluable assistance with the administrative data.

Author contributions

SD was responsible for designing the study, preparing the data, conducting the statistical analyses, interpretation of the results, drafting, and editing of the manuscript. BSQ, JMS, JS, and WZ were involved with study concept and design, provided methodological guidance, statistical advice, interpretation, and critical edits of the manuscript for important intellectual content. XZ assisted with some of the statistical analyses.

Disclosure statement

S. Desai, W. Zhang, J. M. Sutherland, J. Singer and X. Zhou report no conflicts of interest. B. S. Quon received consulting and speaking fees from Vertex Pharmaceuticals. Cystic Fibrosis Canada and Vertex played no role in the study design or preparation of the manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

Funding for this research was provided by the Canadian Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Strategic Training Program graduate awards (#6554 and #6559 for S. Desai); the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Scholar award (#16414 for B. S. Quon and #18286 for W. Zhang) and the National Institute for Health and Care Research Pre-doctoral Fellowship (#302749 for X. Zhou).

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