https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8906-709X
Abstract
The genus Oopristus Steffan is being reported for the first time from India. O. iqrae Usman and Anwar sp. nov. is described based on females. An updated catalogue to the family Torymidae is provided from India. This catalogue lists 75 valid species included in 21 genera and four subfamilies. The subfamily Podagrioninae includes the largest number of 34 species (6 genera) followed by Toryminae 28 species (7 genera), Monodontomerinae 10 species (6 genera), and Microdontomerinae 3 species (2 genera). New combinations are provided for two Indian species of Pseuderimerus as Erimerus corianderi (Narendran and Mercy) comb. nov. and E. indicus (Subba Rao and Bhatia) comb. nov. Three species, Chrysochalcissa physomeri Bouček, Diomorus orientalis Masi, and Torymus varians (Walker), are removed from the fauna list of India.
Article LSID:
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D20A52AB-152E-4319-9E92-DC7CCFEF4238
Species LSID:
Oopristus iqrae Usman & Anwar
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4538D5EB-A348-4B52-80A8-997DDE730A9A
Introduction
The wasps of the family Torymidae Walker (Citation1833) are mostly small and metallic in colour, and their females usually have long ovipositor Gibson (Citation1993). They are either parasitic or phytophagus or sometimes both, and are found in almost all habitat throughout the world Grissell (Citation1995). The family consists of 69 valid extant genera and more than 1100 described species (Grissell Citation1995; Janšta et al. Citation2017; Noyes Citation2019). The most comprehensive work on world Torymidae based on morphological features was provided by Grissell (Citation1995) in which he classified Torymidae into two subfamilies: (1) Megastigminae represented mostly by phytophagous (seed-feeders) and only a few entomophagous species, and (2) Toryminae with primarily entomophagous species. He further classified Toryminae into seven tribes viz. Chalcimerini, Microdontomerini, Monodontomerini, Palachiini, Podagrionini, Torymini, and Torymoidini. However, Janšta et al. (Citation2017) revised the family on molecular basis and proposed to elevate Toryminae and Megastigminae to family rank (namely Torymidae sensu stricto and Megastigmidae) and within Torymidae s.s., they recognized six subfamilies, viz. Monodontomerinae, Toryminae, Podagrioninae, Chalcimerinae, Glyphomerinae, and Microdontomerinae and four tribes: Palachiini, Torymoidini, Boucekinini, and Propalachiini.
The family is well studied in several zoogeographical ecozones including Palaearctic, Nearctic, Ethiopian, and Australasian however, revisionary work is extremely lacking for the Oriental fauna. Mani (Citation1989) and Narendran (Citation1994) provided the most recent revisionary work on the family Torymidae. Farooqi (Citation1986) catalogued Torymidae from India and adjacent countries. The other descriptive works on the family were provided by Narendran (Citation1984), Narendran and Girish Kumar (Citation2005), Narendran and Peter (Citation2009), Narendran and Razak (Citation2010), Narendran and Sureshan (Citation1988, Citation1996), Narendran et al. (Citation2005, Citation2006a, Citation2006b), Sureshan (Citation2003, Citation2007, Citation2010), and Sureshan and Narendran (Citation2002). Despite the fact that collection and description of torymid fauna has remained a routine work, the identification of taxa is difficult.
Hence, the present work compiles the available knowledge on the family Torymidae in light of latest classification. A new species belonging to the genus Oopristus Steffan is also described based on Indian material.
Methods
Collections were made using sweep nets in Aligarh district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The materials were stored in 80% ethanol solution and mounted on rectangular cards for further studies. For a detailed study, antenna and a pair of wings were mounted on slides following Anwar et al. (Citation2020) and one hind leg was dissected and mounted on the same card with the body and head. Body colours and measurements were noted from the card mounts and measurements of antenna and wings were taken from slide mounts. All the measurements in mm. Photographs of card mounts were taken using a digital camera attached on a stereozoom binocular Nikon SMZ 1000 microscope. The photographs of the slide-mounted parts were taken with a Leica® DFC295 digital camera attached to a Leica® DM 2500 compound microscope. Photographic plates were prepared using Adobe Photoshop® 7.0. The terms mentioned in the text are as per Boucek (Citation1974), Grissell (Citation1995) and Lima and Dias (Citation2018).
The catalogue is prepared based on a survey of all the existing literature. The valid name of each species is included along with synonyms, type localities and type depositories. Significant citations were provided regarding taxonomic history and distribution of the species in different states of India. The genera and species are listed in alphabetical order. All the genera are listed in with their tribal and subfamilial position with number of species from India and the world.
Table I. Number of species in Indian genera from the world and India.
This article conforms to the requirements of the amended International Code of Zoological Nomenclature for electronic publications. The LSID for this publication is http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D20A52AB-152E-4319-9E92-DC7CCFEF4238 and it is archived in the following digital repositories: Bibliothèque Nationale de France; Biodiversity Heritage Library; Bioline International; BioOne; Biotaxa; British Library Online Archive; Centre Informatique National de l’Enseignement Supérieur (CINES); CLOCKSS; e-Helvetica; German National Library; HAL Open Archives; Harvard Digital Repository Service; Hathitrust; Internet Archive; JStage; Library of Science; LOCKSS; National Digital Heritage Archive of The National Library of New Zealand; National Library of Australia; Portico; PubMed Central; Qucosa; Royal Danish Library; Scholars Portal Dataverse; State Library of Queensland; Virginia State Publications Depository; Zenodo.
LIST OF ACRONYMS
| BMNH – | = | Natural History Museum, Department of Entomology, London, UK. |
| DEI – | = | Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalde, Germany |
| DZUC – | = | Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Kerala, India |
| HDOU – | = | Hope Department, Oxford University, Oxford, England |
| HNHM – | = | Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary |
| IPSF – | = | Institute für Pflanzenschutzforschung, Eberswalde, Germany |
| MCSN – | = | Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genoa, Italy |
| MHNG – | = | Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland |
| MNHN – | = | Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France |
| NHMV – | = | Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria |
| NHRM – | = | Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden |
| NPC – | = | National Pusa Collection, Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. |
| QMBA – | = | Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. C. Burwell. |
| SJCA – | = | Saint John’s College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. |
| UCCS – | = | University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka. |
| USNM – | = | National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, USA. |
| ZDAMU – | = | Insect Collections Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. |
| ZSCI – | = | Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India. |
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AOL, anterior-ocular length; ceh, compound eye height; cew, compound eye width; F, antennal flagellomere; GT, gastral or metasomal tergite; mls, malar space; MOD, median ocellar diameter; MT, Malaise trap; OCL, ocular-occipit length; OOL, ocello-ocular length; PMV, postmarginal vein of fore wing; POL, post-ocellar length; psa, parascrobal area; sh, scrobe height; SN, Sweep net; STV, stigmal vein; sw, scrobe width.
Results
Taxonomy
Steffan (Citation1968) erected the genus Oopristus with O. safavii Steffan its type species. Later, Bouček (Citation1978) transferred Chalcis turkestanica Skriptshinsky (Citation1929) to Oopristus as O. turkestanicus, and synonymised O. safavii Steffan under it. Tarla et al. (Citation2010) added two species to the genus from Turkey, and provided a detailed diagnosis, distribution and a key to three species. Bouček (Citation1978) reported the genus from Oriental region which was also mentioned in catalogs of Narendran (Citation1994), and Grissell (Citation1995). We here report the genus Oopristus for the first time from India and describe a new species O. iqrae sp. nov.
Oopristus iqrae Usman and Anwar sp. nov.
(parts 1 and 2)
Figures 1, 2. Oopristus iqrae Usman and Anwar sp. nov. holotype, female. 1 habitus, lateral view, 2 habitus, dorsal view.
Type material
Female holotype. INDIA: UTTAR PRADESH: Aligarh, 22.x.2013 (SN), Coll. S.K. Ahmad (ZDAMU, body, dissected one hind leg on same card; a pair of fore wing and both the antenna on a slide under 2 coverslips, slide No. HYM.CHAL.45). Paratypes 2 females. INDIA: UTTAR PRADESH: Aligarh, 15.ix.2022 (SN), Coll. P.T. Anwar (ZDAMU).
Diagnosis
Oopristus iqrae Usman and Anwar sp. nov. has long and exserted ovipositor while all the other previously described species from other parts of the world have short and barely exserted ovipositor. The other unique characters that can be used to diagnose this species are as follows: antenna with F1–F5 subequal in length and shorter than succeeding funicular segments; F7 the longest; clava 2× as long as broad, longer than F6–F8 combined; fore wing 2.2× as long as broad; STV longer than broad; metafemur 1.6× as long as broad, with 8 ventral teeth; tooth-1 separated from tooth-2 by a wide gap; tooth-2 robust; tooth-7 the smallest, tooth-8 pointed, and subequal to tooth-2; ovipositor distinctly exserted, exserted part of ovipositor 1.1× as long as gaster and 1.8× as long as metatibia.
Description
Female (holotype)
Colour
(, parts 1, 2). Head metallic blue with setae pale and mouth parts yellow; mandibles brown. Antenna largely yellow except outer margins of pedicel, and clava yellowish brown; ocelli mustard yellow. Mesosoma metallic blue with green reflection. Gaster metallic blue with T1 and hypopygia brown. Fore and mid leg with femur in basal two-third brown, rest pale yellow; hind leg with femur metallic blue except apex pale yellow, tibia brown, tarsi pale yellow. All coxa metallic blue.
Head
(, part 3, 4). Head 1.2× as broad as high, wider than mesoscutum; setae on face and eyes pale white, more dense below toruli (, part 3); POL 4× OOL and 1.8× MOD; scrobe 2× as wide as parascrobal area (, part 4); eyes 1.4× as long as broad; malar space 0.5× eye length, longer than all funicular segments individually except F2. Measurements (mm): head width:height:length, 0.8:0.6:0.2; AOL, 0.09; MOD, 0.08; OCL, 0.08; OOL, 0.03; POL, 0.16; sh, 0.25; sw, 0.12; psa, 0.12; ceh, 0.4; cew, 0.3; mls, 0.2.
Figures 3–9. Oopristus iqrae Usman and Anwar sp. nov. holotype, female. 3 head, frontal view, 4 head, dorsal, view, 5 hing leg, in part arrow indicate ventral tooth-1, 6 antenna, 7 fore wing, 8 part of fore wing enlarged, arrow indicates coeloconic sensilla, 9 part of fore wing enlarged, arrow indicates coeloconic sensilla. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Antenna (, part 6)
Scape 3.6× as long as broad, pedicel longer than all funicular segments individually, annellus 0.2× as long as broad; F1 with 8 linear sensilla; F8 the longest; clava 2× as long as broad, longer than F6–F8 combined. Measurements (mm): antennal segments length:width — radicle, 0.04:0.04; scape, 0.21:0.06; pedicel, 0.06:0.06; annellus, 0.01:0.05; F1, 0.04:0.08; F2, 0.04:0.09; F3, 0.04:0.09; F4, 0.04:0.08; F5, 0.04:0.09; F6, 0.05:0.09; F7, 0.05:0.1; clava, 0.18:0.09.
Mesosoma (, part 2)
Mesosoma longer than gaster, finely punctuate and slightly convex, 1.2× as long as broad (, part 1); setae less dense and pale white; pronotum 4× as broad as long. Fore wing broad, 2.2× as long as broad, uniformly setose in apical half (, part 7); submarginal vein with three coeloconic sensilla positioned in obtuse angle (, part 8); STV longer than broad with four coeloconic sensilla (uncus) (, part 9). Hind wing 5× as long as broad. Hind leg with coxa and femur finely reticulate; coxa 1.9× as long as broad; femur 1.6× as long as broad, with 8 ventral teeth; tooth-1 separated from tooth-2 by a wide gap; tooth-2 robust; tooth-7 the smallest, tooth-8 pointed, subequal to tooth-2 (, part 5). Measurements (mm): mesosoma length:width, 0.9:0.7; pronotum, 0.14:0.6; mesoscutum, 0.4:0.7; scutellum, 0.4; fore wing length:width, 1.5:0.7; hind wing length:width, 1.2:0.3; metacoxa, 0.5:0.26; metafemur, 0.6:0.4; metatibia, 0.6; metatarsus, 0.6.
Metasoma (, parts 1, 2)
Gaster longer than broad; GT1 as long as wide, covering less than half of the entire gaster and, incised posteriomedially, wider than all succeeding gasteral terga; sides of GT3 in apical half setose rest smooth; exserted part of ovipositor 1.1× as long as gaster and 1.8× as long as metatibia. Measurements (mm): gaster, 0.9; ovipositor exserted, 1.
Male
Unknown.
Host. Unknown.
Distribution. India: Uttar Pradesh.
Etymology. The species is named after Dr. Syeda Iqra Usman sister of the second author.
CATALOGUE
Family Torymidae consists of 69 valid extant genera and more than 1100 described species (Grissell Citation1995; Janšta et al. Citation2017). Majority of the genera (about 75%) are represented by less than 10 species. The Indian catalogue lists 75 valid species included in 21 genera and four subfamilies. The subfamily Podagrioninae includes the largest number of 34 species (6 genera) followed by Toryminae with 28 species (7 genera), Monodontomerinae with 10 species (6 genera), and Microdontomerinae with 3 species (2 genera). Janšta et al. (Citation2017) synonymised Pseuderimerus with Erimerus hence, the two Indian species of Pseuderimerus are placed under Erimerus as E. corianderi (Narendran and Mercy) comb. nov. and E. indicus (Subba Rao and Bhatia), comb. nov. Three species, Chrysochalcissa physomeri Bouček, Diomorus orientalis Masi and Torymus varians (Walker) are removed from the Indian fauna list as there are no relevant literature record found that includes these three species in India. All the genera are listed in with their tribal and subfamilial position which also includes the number of species from India and the world.
Family TORYMIDAE Walker
Torymidae Walker, Citation1833: 115. Type genus Torymus Dalman.
AMOTUROIDES Girault
Amoturoides breviscapus Girault, Citation1932: 2 (unnumbered pages). Type species Amoturoides breviscapus Girault, by monotypy.
Important reference. Bouček (Citation1978); Narendran (Citation1994); Grissell (Citation1995).
Amoturoides breviscapus Girault
Amoturoides breviscapus Girault, Citation1932: 2 (unnumbered pages), female. Lectotype female (QMBA), designated by Bouček, Citation1978: 123. Australia (Queensland).
Amoturoides breviscapus Girault: Bouček, Citation1988 (India, Karnataka, record). Narendran, Citation1994: 51 (diagnosis). Grissell, Citation1995: 180 (catalogue).
Indian hosts. Unknown.
Distribution. Karnataka.
ANNECKEIDA Bouček
Anneckeida Bouček, Citation1978: 111. Type species Anneckeida watshami Boucek, by original designation.
Important reference. Bouček (Citation1978); Grissell (Citation1995).
Anneckeida angustifrons Bouček
Anneckeida angustifrons Bouček, Citation1978: 114–115, female. Holotype female (BPBM), Thailand.
Anneckeida angustifrons Bouček: Sureshan, Citation1997: 173 (female, India, record).
Indian hosts. Unknown.
Distribution. Karnataka.
Anneckeida indica Sureshan & Narendran
Anneckeida indica Sureshan & Narendran, Citation1996: 257, female, male. Holotype female (ZSIC), India (Kerala).
Indian hosts. Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala.
CHRYSOCHALCISSA Girault
Chrysochalcissa Girault, Citation1915: 327. Type species Chrysochalcissa olivacea Girault, by original designation and monotypy.
Important reference. Bouček (Citation1978); Narendran (Citation1994); Grissell (Citation1995).
Chrysochalcissa indica Narendran
Chrysochalcissa indica Narendran, Citation1994: 55, female. Holotype female (QMBA), India (Tamil Nadu).
Chrysochalcissa indica Narendran: Bouček, Citation1978: 109 (comments on identification of C. physomeri Bouček). Farooqi, Citation1986: 261 (catalogue C. physomeri Bouček from India). Grissell, Citation1995: 182 (catalogue).
Indian hosts: Physomerus sp.
Distribution: Tamil Nadu, West Bengal.
Chrysochalcissa oviceps Bouček
Chrysochalcissa oviceps Bouček, Citation1978: 109, female. Holotype female (BMNH), Myanmar (Burma).
Chrysochalcissa oviceps Bouček: Grissell, Citation1995: 182 (catalogue). Mohan et al. Citation2001: 138 (new host, new record, India); Gupta & Veenakumari, Citation2011: 149 (Karnataka, record).
Indian hosts
Phoenicocoris rostratus (Knight, 1923) (Heteroptera: Miridae).
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala.
DIOMORUS Walker
Diomorus Walker, Citation1834: 159. Type species Diomorus nobilis Walker (= armatus Boheman), by monotypy.
Dihomerus Sculz, Citation1906: 148. Unjustified emendation.
Important reference. Bouček (Citation1978); Narendran (Citation1994); Grissell (Citation1995).
Diomorus calcaratus (Nees)
Torymus calcaratus Nees, Citation1834: 69, male. Type lost. Austria.
[for detailed synonymy see Grissell, Citation1995: 184]
Diomorus calcaratus (Nees): Narendran, Citation1994: 24, 25 (key, India record). Grissell, Citation1995: 184 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Reared from Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) on oak galls.
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala.
Diomorus indicus Ahmad
Diomorus indicus Ahmad, Citation1946: 6, female, male. Holotype female (NPC), India (Bihar).
Diomorus indicus Ahmad: Mani & Kaul, Citation1972: 316 (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand record as D. orientalis Masi). Farooqi, Citation1986: 261 (list). Narendran & Sureshan, Citation1989: (Kerala, record as D. orientalis Masi). Narendran, Citation1994: 24, 26 (key, diagnosis). Grissell, Citation1995, 185 (catalogue). Kazmi & Chauhan, Citation2003: 269 (diagnosis, host record, comments on D. orientalis Masi (=indicus)). Narendran et al. Citation2005: 111, 120 (list under Torymus as T. indicus Ahmad (= orientalis Masi), key under Torymus). Narendran & Girish Kumar, Citation2005: 1805 (list under Torymus as T. indicus Ahmad (= orientalis Masi)). Narendran & Razak, Citation2010: 150 (list under Torymus).
Indian hosts
Larva in Poinciana pulcherrima Stem (Fabaceae); larva of Sphecidae; Hypsipyla robusta (Moore) (Pyralidae).
Distribution. Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Uttarakhand.
ECDAMUA Walker
Ecdamua Walker, Citation1862: 387. Type species Ecdamua macrotelus Walker, by monotypy.
Monodontomerella Girault, Citation1925: 98. Type species Monodontomerella longipilum Girault, by monotypy. Synonymy by Bouček, Citation1988: 147.
Important reference. Bouček (Citation1988); Narendran (Citation1994); Grissell (Citation1995); Sureshan (Citation2010).
Ecdamua indica Walker
Ecdamua indica Walker, Citation1871a: 35, female. Lectotype, female (BMNH), India (Maharashtra).
Ecdamua indica Walker: Narendran, Citation1994: 20 (redescription). Grissell, Citation1995: 188 (catalogue). Sureshan, Citation2010: 106 (key).
[for detailed synonymy see Grissell, Citation1995: 188]
Indian hosts
Aculeate Hymenoptera (Narendran, Citation1994: 20).
Distribution. Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh.
Ecdamua lehensis Sureshan
Ecdamua lehensis Sureshan Citation2010: 104, female. Holotype, female (ZSCI), India (Ladakh).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Ladakh.
ERIMERUS Crawford
Erimerus Crawford, Citation1914: 123. Type species Torymus wickhami Ashmead, by monotypy.
Lochitimorpha von Szelényi, Citation1957: 382. Type species Lochitimorpha semiaenea Szelényi, by monotypy.
Liodontomerus (Lochitimorpha) Szelényi: Bouček, Citation1988: 190 (synonymized Lochitimorpha and treated it as a subgenus of Liodontomerus).
Lochitimorpha Szelényi: Grissell, Citation1995: 90 (synonymized Lochitimorpha under Pseuderimerus).
Pseuderimerus Gahan, Citation1919: 124. Type species Pseuderimerus mayetiolae Gahan, by monotypy. Synonymy under Erimerus by Janšta et al. Citation2017: 17.
Important reference. Bouček (Citation1988); Narendran (Citation1994); Grissell (Citation1995); Sureshan (Citation2010); Doğanlar (Citation2016); Janšta et al. (Citation2017).
Erimerus corianderi (Narendran and Mercy) comb. nov.
Pseuderimerus corianderi Narendran and Ignatius (Citation2010), in Narendran et al. Citation2012: 51, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Rajasthan).
Indian hosts
Collected from coriander leaf.
Distribution. Rajasthan.
Erimerus indicus (Subba Rao and Bhatia) comb. nov.
Liodontomerus indicus Subba Rao & Bhatia Citation1962: 125, female. Holotype, female (NPC), India (New Delhi).
Liodontomerus indicus Subba Rao and Bhatia: Farooqi Citation1986: 263 (catalogue). Mani Citation1989: 145 (diagnosis). Narendran Citation1994: 43 (diagnosis).
Pseuderimerus indicus (Subba Rao and Bhatia): Grissell Citation1995: 91, 252 (combination under Pseuderimerus, catalogue). Narendran et al. Citation2012: 50, 53 (key, taxonomy).
Indian hosts. Systole albipennis Walker (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae); Aculeate Hymenoptera (Narendran Citation1994: 20).
Distribution. New Delhi.
MONODONTOMERUS Westwood
Monodontomerus Westwood, 1833: 443. Type species Monodontomerus obscurus Westwood, by monotypy.
Paroligosthenus Cameron Citation1913: 94. Type species Paroligosthenus trichiopthalmus Cameron, by monotypy. Synonymy by Waterston Citation1922: 2.
Important reference. Narendran (Citation1994); Grissell (Citation1995).
Monodontomerus aereus Walker
Monodontomerus aereus Walker, Citation1834: 158, female. Lectotype, female (BMNH), France.
Monodontomerus kashmiricus Narendran Citation1994: 37, female, male. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Jammu and Kashmir). Synonymy by Grissell Citation1995: 208.
[for detailed synonymy see Grissell Citation1995: 208.]
Indian host
Unknown.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir.
Monodontomerus lymantriae Narendran
Monodontomerus lymantriae Narendran Citation1994: 39, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Assam).
Monodontomerus lymantriae Narendran: Grissell Citation1995: 214 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Lymantria concolor Walker.
Distribution. Assam.
Monodontomerus obscurus Westwood
Monodontomerus obscurus Westwood, 1833: 443, female. Lectotype, female (HDOU) designated by Eady (Citation1959: 270), England.
Monodontomerus obscurus Westwood: Mani Citation1989: 146 (redescription). Narendran Citation1994: 37, 38 (key, diagnosis). Grissell Citation1995: 218 (catalogue).
[for detailed synonymy see Grissell Citation1995: 218.]
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Assam, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand.
ODOPOIA Walker
Odopoia Walker Citation1871a: 36. Type species Odopoia atra Walker, by monotypy.
[for detailed synonymy see Grissell Citation1995: 224.]
Important reference. Bouček (Citation1988); Narendran (Citation1994); Grissell (Citation1995).
Odopoia reticulata Sureshan
Odopoia reticulata Sureshan Citation2007: 2788, female. Holotype, female (ZSCI), India (Odisha).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Odisha.
OOPRISTUS Steffan
Oopristus Steffan Citation1968: 212. Type species Oopristus safavii Steffan, by original designation and monotypy.
Important reference. Narendran (Citation1994); Grissell (Citation1995); Tarla et al. (Citation2010).
Oopristus iqrae Usman and Anwar sp. nov.
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh.
OPHIOPINOTUS Husain & Kudeshiag
Ophiopinotus Husain & Kudeshia Citation1987: 175. Type species Ophiopinotus pinotus Husain & Kudeshia, original designation and monotypy.
Important reference. Husain and Kudeshia (Citation1987); Narendran (Citation1994); Grissell (Citation1995).
Ophiopinotus pinotus Husain and Kudeshia
Ophiopinotus pinotus Husain & Kudeshia Citation1987: 175, female. Holotype, female (Type depository unstated), ?India.
Ophiopinotus pinotus Husain and Kudeshia: Narendran Citation1994: 88 (comments); Grissell Citation1995: 225 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. ?India.
PALACHIA Bouček
Palachia Boucek Citation1970: 39. Type species Palachia pulchra Bouček, by original designation and monotypy.
Important reference. Bouček (Citation1978); Narendran (Citation1994); Grissell (Citation1995).
Palachia farooqii Bouček
Palachia farooqii Bouček, Citation1998: 227, female, male. Holotype, female (NPC), India (New Delhi).
[Palachia turneri Bouček: Farooqi et al. Citation1990: 50 (record, India, misidentification). Narendran Citation1994: 62 (not P. turneri).
Indian hosts. Unknown.
Distribution. Karnataka, New Delhi, Uttar Pradesh. Nepal.
Palachia frontopuncta Narendran
Palachia frontopuncta Narendran, in Narendran & Peter Citation2009: 2, female, male. Holotype, female (NPC), India (Himachal Pradesh).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh.
Palachia grisselli Bouček
Palachia grisselli Bouček, Citation1998: 229, male. Holotype, male (USNM), India (Tamil Nadu).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Palachia hayati Narendran & Sureshan
Palachia hayati Narendran & Sureshan Citation1989: 45, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Uttar Pradesh).
Palachia indica Farooqi et al. Citation1990: 48, male. Holotype, male (NPC), India (Uttar Pradesh). Synonymy by Bouček, Citation1998: 231.
Palachia indica Farooqi, Husain & Ghai: Narendran Citation1994: 58, 62 (key, comments on its synonymy with any of the already described females). Grissell Citation1995: 226 (catalogue).
Palachia hayati Narendran & Sureshan: Grissell Citation1995: 226 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala, New Delhi, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh.
Palachia mangalae Narendran
Palachia mangalae Narendran Citation1984: 110, female, male. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Kerala).
Palachia mangalae Narendran Farooqi Citation1986: 267 (List). Narendran Citation1994: 58, 59 (key, diagnosis). Grissell Citation1995: 226 (catalogue). Bouček, Citation1998: 233–35 (diagnosis, figures, record).
Indian hosts
Mantis sp.
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana.
Palachia neorobusta Narendran
Palachia neorobusta Narendran, in Narendran & Peter Citation2009: 4, female, male. Holotype, female (NPC), India (Uttar Pradesh).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh.
Palachia punctifronta Narendran & Sureshan
Palachia punctifronta Narendran & Sureshan Citation1989: 49, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Kerala).
Palachia punctifronta Narendran & Sureshan: Narendran Citation1994: 59, 61 (key, diagnosis). Grissell Citation1995: 226 (catalogue). Bouček, Citation1998: 234–36 (figures, diagnosis).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala.
Palachia punctigastra Narendran & Sureshan
Palachia punctigastra Narendran & Sureshan Citation1989: 47, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Kerala).
Palachia punctigastra Narendran & Sureshan: Narendran Citation1994: 59, 61 (key, diagnosis, male record). Grissell Citation1995: 226 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala.
Palachia robusta Bouček
Palachia robusta Bouček, Citation1998: 36, female. Holotype, female (BMNH), India (Telangana).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Telangana.
PALMON Dalman
Palmon Dalman Citation1825: 388. Type species Palmon bellator Dalmon, by subsequent designation Gahan & Fagan Citation1923: 103. Reinstated as valid genus by Grissell Citation1995: 158.
Pachytomoides Girault Citation1913b: 140. Type species Pachytomoides mirus Girault, by original designation. Narendran Citation1994: 59 (valid genus). Synonymy by Grissell Citation1995: 158.
Important reference. Narendran (Citation1994); Grissell (Citation1995); Sureshan (Citation2003).
Palmon alfredi Sureshan
Palmon alfredi Sureshan Citation2003: 242, female. Holotype, female (ZSCI), India (Kerala).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala.
Palmon greeni (Crawford)
Podagrion greeni Crawford Citation1912: 3, female, male. Syntypes (USNM), Ceylon (=Sri Lanka).
Pachytomoides hornianus Masi Citation1926: 176, female. Holotype, female (DEI), Taiwan. Synonymy by Narendran Citation1994: 84.
Podagrion ixion Fernando Citation1959: 96, female. Syntypes (UCCS), Ceylon (=Sri Lanka). Synonymy by Narendran Citation1994: 84. Grissell Citation1995: 227 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh.
Palmon kottiyooricus Narendran
Palmon kottiyooricus Narendran, in Narendran & Peter Citation2009: 7, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Kerala).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala.
Palmon orchesticus (Masi)
Pachytomoides orchesticus Masi Citation1926: 264, female, male. Syntypes (lPAL and/or MCSN), Taiwan.
Podagrion idgo Fernando Citation1957: 16, female. Syntype, (UCCS), Ceylon (=Sri Lanka). Synonymy by Narendran Citation1994: 85.
Pachytomoides orchesticus Masi: Narendran Citation1994: 85 (Andhra Pradesh and Kerala, record).
Palmon orchesticus (Masi): Narendran Citation1994: 85 (Andhra Pradesh, record). Grissell Citation1995: 228 (catalogue). Sureshan Citation2007: 2789 (Odisha, record).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Odisha.
PODAGRIOMICRON Narendran and Mercy
Podagriomicron Narendran and Mercy, 2010: 43. Type species Podagriomicron wayanadense Narendran and Mercy, by original designation and monotypy.
Important reference. Narendran and Mercy (2010).
Podagriomicron wayanadense Narendran and Mercy
Podagriomicron wayanadense Narendran and Mercy, 2010: 39, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Kerala).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala.
PODAGRION Spinola
Podagrion Spinola Citation1811: 147. Type species Podagrion splendens Spinola by monotypy.
[for detailed synonymy see Grissell Citation1995: 161]
Important reference. Narendran (Citation1994); Grissell (Citation1995); Sureshan (Citation2003); Delvare (Citation2005).
Podagrion aligarhensis Narendran
Podagrion aligarhensis Narendran Citation1994: 74, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Uttar Pradesh).
Podagrion aligarhensis Narendran: Grissell Citation1995: 234 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh.
Podagrion calopeplum Mani and Kaul
Podagrion calopeplum Mani & Kaul Citation1972: 317, female. Holotype, female (SJCA), India (West Bengal).
Podagrion calopeplum Mani and Kaul: Farooqi Citation1986: 270 (List). Mani Citation1989: 151 (redescription). Narendran Citation1994: 66, 77 (key, diagnosis, record). Grissell Citation1995: 235 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. West Bengal.
Podagrion chatterjeei Mani and Kaul
Podagrion chatterjeei Mani & Kaul Citation1972: 325, female. Holotype, female (SJCA), India (Uttar Pradesh).
Podagrion chatterjeei Mani and Kaul: Farooqi Citation1986: 270 (List). Mani Citation1989: 153 (redescription).Narendran Citation1994: 68, 79 (key, diagnosis, record). Grissell Citation1995: 236 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Mantids, Dictyoptera.
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh.
Podagrion chichawatnensis Mani and Kaul
Podagrion chichawatnensis Mani & Kaul Citation1972: 322, male. Holotype, female (SJCA), India (Punjab).
Podagrion chichawatnensis Mani and Kaul: Farooqi Citation1986: 271 (List). Mani Citation1989: 155 (redescription).Narendran Citation1994: 69, 81 (listed in unplaced taxa in key, comments). Grissell Citation1995: 236 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Punjab.
Podagrion dalbergium Mani and Kaul
Podagrion dalbergium Mani & Kaul Citation1972: 323, female, male. Holotype, female (SJCA), India (Uttarakhand).
Podagrion dalbergium Mani and Kaul: Farooqi Citation1986: 271 (List). Mani Citation1989: 156 (redescription).Narendran Citation1994: 69, 78 (key, comments). Grissell Citation1995: 237 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand.
Podagrion dineni Narendran
Podagrion dineni Narendran Citation1994: 71, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Kerala).
Podagrion dineni Narendran: Grissell Citation1995: 237 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala.
Podagrion fulvipes (Holmgren)
Blephonira fulvipes Holmgren Citation1868: 438, female. Lectotype, female (NHRM), China.
Podagrion fulvipes (Holmgren): Narendran & Sureshan Citation1988: 44 (India record, redescription).Narendran Citation1994: 67, 76, 77 (key, diagnosis, record). Grissell Citation1995: 238 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala, Manipur.
Podagrion hayati Narendran
Podagrion hayati Narendran Citation1994: 74, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Uttar Pradesh).
Podagrion hayati Narendran: Grissell Citation1995: 239 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh.
Podagrion indiensis Narendran
Podagrion indiensis Narendran Citation1994: 72, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Kerala).
Podagrion indiensis Narendran: Grissell Citation1995: 239 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala.
Podagrion keralensis Narendran
Podagrion keralensis Narendran Citation1994: 69, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Kerala).
Podagrion keralensis Narendran: Grissell Citation1995: 240 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala.
Podagrion malabarensis Narendran
Podagrion malabarensis Narendran Citation1994: 72, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Kerala).
Podagrion malabarensis Narendran: Grissell Citation1995: 241 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Mantid ootheca.
Distribution. Kerala.
Podagrion manii Narendran
Podagrion manii Narendran Citation1994: 70, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Kerala).
Podagrion manii Narendran: Grissell Citation1995: 241 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala.
Podagrion mantisiphagum (Mani)
Pachytomus mantisiphagus Mani Citation1936: 126, male. Holotype, male (ZSCI), India (Odisha).
Pachytomus mantisiphagus Mani: Pruthi & Mani Citation1940: 3 (list)
Podagrion mantisiphagum (Mani): Farooqi Citation1986: 271 (generic transfer). Narendran Citation1994: 69, 73, 74 (key, diagnosis, record). Grissell Citation1995: 242 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. New Delhi, Odisha.
Podagrion noyesi Narendran
Podagrion noyesi Narendran Citation1994: 73, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Kerala).
Podagrion noyesi Narendran: Grissell Citation1995: 243 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala.
Podagrion opisthacanthum Masi
Podagrion opisthacanthum Masi Citation1926: 14, female. Syntypes (DEI), Taiwan.
Podagrion opisthacanthum Masi: Mani & Kaul Citation1972: 317 (India record). Farooqi Citation1986: 271 (List). Mani Citation1989: 158 (redescription). Narendran Citation1994: 69, 75 (key, diagnosis, record). Grissell (Citation1995: 244) (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Podagrion pachymerum (Walker)
Priomerus pachymerus Walker, Citation1933: 118, female. Lectotype, female (BMNH), France.
Podagrion pachymerum (Walker): Ramakrishna Ayyar & Margabandhu Citation1934: 445 (India record). Mani, Citation1938: 159 (record). Pruthi & Mani Citation1940: 3 (comments). Farooqi Citation1986: 271 (List). Narendran Citation1994: 65, 81 (key, comments). Grissell Citation1995: 244 (catalogue).
[for detailed synonymy see Delvare Citation2005: 80]
Indian hosts
Ootheca of Mantis religiosa (Linnaeus).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Podagrion prionomerum Masi
Podagrion prionomerum Masi Citation1926: 12, female. Holotype, female (DEI), Taiwan.
Podagrion prionomerum Masi: Narendran & Sureshan Citation1988: 44 (India record, redescription).Narendran Citation1994: 67, 77 (key, India record, redescription). Grissell Citation1995: 246 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala.
PODAGRIONELLA
Podagrionella Girault Citation1913a: 96. Type species Podagrionella bella Girault, by monotypy
[for detailed synonymy see Grissell Citation1995: 249]
Important reference. Narendran (Citation1994); Grissell (Citation1995).
Podagrionella caudata Narendran
Podagrion caudata Narendran Citation1994: 83, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Tamil Nadu).
Podagrion caudata Narendran: Grissell Citation1995: 249 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Podagrionella indarbelae Narendran and Sureshan
Podagrionella indarbelae Narendran & Sureshan Citation1988: 42, female, male. Holotype, female (USNM), India (Kerala).
Podagrionella indarbelae Narendran and Sureshan: Narendran Citation1994: 82, (key, resescription). Grissell Citation1995: 249 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Ex. eggs of Indarbela tetraonis Moore (Cossidae).
Distribution. Kerala.
PROPALACHIA
Propalachia Bouček Citation1978: 101. Type species Propalachia infumata Bouček, original designation.
Important reference. Narendran (Citation1994); Grissell (Citation1995).
Propalachia beaveri Bouček
Podagrionella beaveri Bouček Citation1978: 103, female, male. Holotype, female (BMNH), Malaysia.
Propalachia intermedia Narendran Citation1994: 63, female. Holotype, female (BMNH), India (Kerala). Synonymy by Bouček Citation1988: 256.
Propalachia beaveri Bouček: Narendran Citation1994: 63, (key). Grissell Citation1995: 251 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala.
PSEUDOTORYMUS
Holaspis Mayr Citation1874: 83. Type species Torymus militaris Boheman (designated by Ashmead Citation1904: 242). [preoccupied name in Reptilia, Gray: 1863].
[for detailed synonymy see Grissell Citation1995: 253]
Important reference. Narendran (Citation1994); Grissell (Citation1995).
Pseudotorymus amuthae Narendran
Pseudotorymus amuthae Narendran Citation1994: 50, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Tamil Nadu).
Pseudotorymus amuthae Narendran: Grissell Citation1995: 254 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Pseudotorymus annamalaicus Narendran
Pseudotorymus annamalaicus Narendran, in Narendran etal., Citation2006: 43, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Tamil Nadu).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Pseudotorymus ephedrae Narendran & Prabha Sharma
Pseudotorymus ephedrae Narendran & Prabha Sharma, in Narendran etal., Citation2006: 9, female. Holotype, female (ZSCI), India (Rajasthan).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Rajasthan.
Pseudotorymus grisselli Narendran & Girish Kumar
Pseudotorymus grisselli Narendran & Girish Kumar, in Narendran etal., Citation2006: 46, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Kerala).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala.
Pseudotorymus harithavarnus Narendran
Pseudotorymus harithavarnus Narendran Citation1994: 48, female, male. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Kerala).
Pseudotorymus harithavarnus Narendran: Grissell Citation1995: 256 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Caterpillar boring on Cajanus cajan (Linnaeus).
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala.
Pseudotorymus indicus (Mani)
Holaspis indicus Mani Citation1942: 153, female, male. Holotype, female (NPC), India (Uttarakhand).
Pseudotorymus indicus (Mani): Farooqi Citation1986: 272 (generic transfer). Mani Citation1989: 142 (redescription). Narendran Citation1994: 48, 50 (key, diagnosis). Grissell Citation1995: 256 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Galls of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand.
Pseudotorymus salemensis Narendran
Pseudotorymus salemensis Narendran Citation1994: 49, female. Holotype, female (BMNH), India (Tamil Nadu).
Pseudotorymus salemensis Narendran: Grissell Citation1995: 260 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
RHYNCHOTICIDA Bouček
Rhynchoticida Bouček Citation1978: 116. Type species Rhynchoticida ovivora Bouček, original designation.
Important reference. Narendran (Citation1994); Grissell (Citation1995).
Rhynchoticida tridens Bouček
Rhynchoticida tridens Bouček Citation1978: 120, female. Holotype, female (BMNH), India (Karnataka).
Rhynchoticida tridens Bouček: Narendran Citation1994: 53 (diagnosis); Grissell Citation1995: 262 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Karnataka.
SENEGALELLA Risbec
Senegalella Risbec Citation1951: 289. Type species Senegalella acythopeusi Risbec (designated by Bouček Citation1978: 347) (Type depository unknown), by original designation.
Senegalella Risbec: synonymized under Antistrophoplex Crawford by Bouček Citation1978: 347; synonymized under Pseudotorymus Masi by Grissell Citation1995: 107; status revived by Janšta et al. Citation2017: 241.
Important reference. Grissell (Citation1995); Bouček (Citation1978).
Senegalella leguminosae Risbec
Senegalella leguminosae Risbec Citation1951: 292, female, male. Syntypes (MHNH), Senegal.
Eridontomeroidella gibboni Girault in Ramakrishna Ayyar Citation1919: 935. Pruthi & Mani Citation1940: 3 (not a published name). Farooqi Citation1986: 277 (Nomen nudum). Grissell, Citation1994: 257 (Nomen nudum).
Antistrophoplex leguminosae (Risbec): Bouček Citation1978: 347.
Pseudotorymus leguminosae (Risbec): Grissell, Citation1994: 257 (combination for Eridontomeroidella gibbon and Senegalella leguminosae Risbec).
Indian hosts
Grubs of the chalcid Bruchophagus mellipes Gahan (Eurytomidae), infesting young pods of the leguminous plants agathi and daincha at Coimbatore (Pruthi & Mani Citation1940: 3).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
TORYMOIDES
Torymoides Walker Citation1871b: 37. Type species Torymoides amabilis Walker by monotypy.
[for detailed synonymy see Grissell Citation1995: 263]
Important reference. Narendran (Citation1994); Grissell (Citation1995).
Torymoides amabilis Walker
Torymoides amabilis Walker Citation1871b: 38, female. Holotype, female (BMNH), Sri Lanka.
Torymoides amabilis Walker: Narendran Citation1994: 44, 46 (key, record, redescription); Grissell Citation1995: 264 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala.
Torymoides anamalaianus (Mani and Kaul)
Holaspis anamalaianus Mani & Kaul Citation1972: 313, female, male. Holotype, female (SJCA), India (Tamil Nadu).
Pseudotorymus anamalaianus (Mani and Kaul): Farooqi Citation1986: 272 (generic transfer).
Torymoides anamalaianus (Mani and Kaul): Narendran Citation1994: 44, 47 (key, generic transfer, diagnosis). Grissell Citation1995: 264 (catalogue). Sureshan Citation2007: 2789 (Odisha, record).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu.
Torymoides binduae Narendran and Girish Kumar
Torymoides binduae Narendran and Girish Kumar, in Narendran et al. Citation2010: 291, female, male. Holotype, female (ZSCI), India (Maharashtra).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Torymoides keralensis Narendran
Torymoides keralensis Narendran Citation1994: 44, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Kerala).
Torymoides keralensis Narendran: Grissell Citation1995: 268 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala.
Torymoides kiesenwetteri (Mayr)
Halaspis kiesenwetteri Mayr Citation1874: 23, female. Syntypes (NHMV), Italy.
Dimeromicrus longicauda Masi Citation1916: 67, female. Syntypes (USNM), Italy. Synonymy by Erdös Citation1955: 187.
Torymoides kiesenwetteri (Mayr): Bouček Citation1988: 135 (generic transfer). Narendran Citation1994: 44, 45 (key, redescription). Grissell Citation1995: 264 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Procecidochares utilis Stone and Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae).
Distribution. Kerala.
Torymoides periyarensis Sureshan and Narendran
Torymoides periyarensis Sureshan & Narendran Citation2002: 870, female. Holotype, female (ZSCI), India (Kerala).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala.
Torymoides sureshani Narendran
Torymoides sureshani Narendran Citation1994: 45, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Kerala).
Torymoides sureshani Narendran: Grissell Citation1995: 271 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kerala.
Torymoides taruni Narendran and Girish Kumar
Torymoides taruni Narendran and Girish Kumar, Citation2010: 291, female. Holotype, female (ZSCI), India (Uttar Pradesh).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh.
TORYMUS
Callimome Spinola Citation1811: 146. Type species Ichneumon bedeguaris Linnaeus (designated by Curtis Citation1835: 552. [Suppressed by International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature, Opinion, 155, 1944.]
Misocampe Latreille Citation1818: 213. Type species Ichneumon bedeguaris Linnaeus (designated by Ashmead Citation1904: 242).
Torymus Dalman Citation1820: 134. Type species Ichneumon bedeguaris Linnaeus (designated by Ashmead Citation1904: 242)
Allotorymus Huber Citation1927: 104. Type species Syntomaspis splendens Provancher by original designation and monotypy. Synonymy by Janšta et al. Citation2017: 15.
[for detailed synonymic list see Grissell Citation1995: 273.]
Important reference. Narendran (Citation1994); Grissell (Citation1995); Narendran et al. (Citation2005); Narendran and Razak (Citation2010).
Torymus absonus Narendran and Kumar
Torymus absonus Narendran and Kumar, in Narendran et al. Citation2005: 117, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Himachal Pradesh).
Torymus absonus Narendran and Kumar: Narendran & Razak Citation2010: 149 (catalogue).
Indian hosts
Finger galls on oak leaf.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh.
Torymus barsulicus Narendran and Razak
Torymus barsulicus Narendran & Razak Citation2010: 148, female. Holotype, female (ZSCI), India (Kashmir).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Kashmir.
Torymus chaubattiensis Bhatnagar
Torymus chaubattiensis Bhatnagar Citation1951: 155, female. Holotype, female (Type lost), India (Uttar Pradesh).
Torymus chaubattiensis Bhatnagar: Farooqi Citation1986: 277 (catalogue). Mani Citation1989: 139 (redescription). Narendran Citation1994: 21, 22 (key, redescription). Grissell Citation1995: 277 (catalogue). Narendran et al. Citation2005: 120 (key). Narendran & Razak Citation2010: 150 (list)
Indian hosts
Aphis helichrysi Kalt (Hemiptera: Aphididae).
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh.
Torymus himachalicus Narendran and Sureshan
Torymus himachalicus Narendran and Sureshan, in Narendran et al. Citation2005: 112, female, male. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Himachal Pradesh).
Torymus himachalicus Narendran and Sureshan: Narendran et al. Citation2005: 120 (key). Narendran & Razak Citation2010: 150 (list).
Indian hosts
Round gall on oak leaf.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh.
Torymus orissaensis (Mani)
Lioterphus orissaensis Mani Citation1936: 125, female. Holotype, female (ZSCI), India (Odisha).
Lioterphus orissaensis Mani: Farooqi Citation1986: 264 (catalogue).
Torymus orissaensis (Mani): Narendran Citation1994: 21, 23 (key, generic transfer). Grissell Citation1995: 285 (catalogue). Narendran et al. Citation2005: 120 (key). Narendran & Razak Citation2010: 150 (list).
Indian hosts
Unknown.
Distribution. Odisha.
Torymus sharmai Sureshan and Narendran
Torymus sharmai Sureshan & Narendran Citation2002: 867, female, male. Holotype, female (ZSCI), India (Kerala).
Indian hosts
Reared from galls of Strobilanthes sessilis (Nees) (Acanthaceae) caused by cecidomyiid (Diptera).
Distribution. Kerala.
Torymus stom Narendran and Sudheer
Torymus stom Narendran and Sudheer, in Narendran et al. Citation2005: 115, female. Holotype, female (DZUC), India (Himachal Pradesh).
Torymus stom Narendran and Sudheer: Narendran et al. Citation2005: 120 (key). Narendran & Razak Citation2010: 151 (list).
Indian hosts
Round gall on oak leaf.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh.
Species excluded from fauna list of India
Since, the occurrence of the species listed below by several authors as given under distribution part seems to be doubtful. Therefore, the following three species are removed from the fauna list of India.
Chrysochalcissa physomeri Bouček
Chrysochalcissa physomeri Bouček Citation1978: 109, female, male. Holotype female (BMNH), Malaysia.
Distribution. ?
India: West Bengal (Bouček Citation1978; Farooqi Citation1986; Narendran Citation1994:55; Grissell Citation1995).
Diomorus orientalis Masi
Diomorus orientalis Masi Citation1926: 2, female, male. Syntypes (DEI), Taiwan.
Macrodontomerus silvifilia Girault Citation1927: 555, female. Syntypes (QMBA, USNM), Philippines. Synonymy by Bouček Citation1988: 147.
Distribution. ?
India (Mani & Kaul Citation1972; Narendran & Sureshan Citation1989).
Remarks
All the recorded Diomorus orientalis Masi is misidentified from India and is conspecific to D. indicus Ahmad. Hence, the species has still not been reported from India.
Torymus varians (Walker)
Callimome varians Walker Citation1833: 122, female. Lectotype, female (BMNH) designated by Eady Citation1959: 260, England.
Distribution. ? India (Wadhi & Verma Citation1972).
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Dr Mohammad Hayat, and Dr Shahid Bin Zeya (ZDAMU), for encouragements. Dr. Andrew Polaszek (BMNH), Dr Girish Kumar (ZSI), Dr PM Sureshan (ZSI) and Dr Ankita Gupta (NBAIR) and Dr. Devanshu Gupta (ZSI) are highly acknowledged for sharing literatures. The Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University are highly acknowledged for funding this work through the research groups program #RGP.2/427/44.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Funding
References
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