Ophthalmoplegia is often perceived as a complex entity with a confusing combination of clinical presentations and overlapping diagnostic entities. Ophthalmoplegia may also be an indicator of more serious neurological or systemic pathology. Thus, many eye-care providers, when presented with such patients, simply refer them to the nearest subspecialist. However, the care of these patients is not only interesting but also highly rewarding, and a multidisciplinary, team-based approach ensures optimal clinical and functional outcomes. In this symposium, the essentials of assessment and initial treatment are reviewed with updates on clinical and surgical approaches to management.
