Dietary Exposure Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and Dairy Products of Latin America

ABSTRACT

The study gathered publications from 2003 to 2018 reporting the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in samples of milk and milk products from Latin America. Results showed that in 3547 milk and 969 dairy samples, the percentage of incidence and concentration levels for AFM1 were of 67% and 0.001–23.10 μg/kg for milk and 63% and 0.001–18.12 μg/kg for dairy products, respectively. In addition, the highest estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of AFM1 were obtained for Brazil, Costa Rica, Colombia, and Mexico (2.4, 1.0, 1.2 and 20.9 ng/kg bw/day, respectively). However, all average DI values calculated for the analyzed studies reported in the period of 15 years for the countries of Latin America were above that calculated by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee for Latin American countries (0.058 ng/kg bw/day).

KEYWORDS:

• Food safety
• mycotoxins
• risk exposure
• tolerable daily intake

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG) (BRASIL), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Finance Code 001 (CAPES) (BRASIL), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (BRASIL), and Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA).

Disclosure statement

The authors declare they have no competing financial interests.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior.