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Abstract
Forty‐eight genotypes representing wheat diversity from the Island of Madeira were screened for resistance to aluminum (Al) in nutrient solution. Seeds of wheat used in the experiments were obtained from local farmers. The soil pH and content of ionic Al of plots cultivated with wheat were analyzed. The pH of topsoils varied between 3.83 and 6.59. The amount of ionic Al in soil samples varied between 0.38 and 1.36 cmol Al3 + per kg of soil and was positively correlated with the altitude of a plot. Eriochrome cyanine staining was used to evaluate the effect of Al ions on the root elongation. Seventy‐two hour exposure of 3‐day‐old seedlings to 100 and 200 µM Al in nutrient solution revealed a high number of Al resistant genotypes among wheat germplasm. After withdrawal of Al stress, survival and root regrowth was observed in 28 and 23 genotypes screened at 100 and 200 µM Al in nutrient solution, respectively. Enhanced resistance to Al among Madeiran genotypes was associated with the amount of ionic Al in the soils. Complexity and various patterns of responses of tested cultivars to Al stress may suggest that Madeiran germplasm could be a valuable source of genes controlling Al resistance for conventional breeding programs and for studies of molecular bases of mechanisms of Al resistance.
Acknowledgments
Portuguese Foundation for the Science and Technology (FCT, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia) has sponsored this work, through the Centre of Biological and Geological Sciences (C.C.B.G.) and the project POCTI/no. 33005/AGR/1999. The authors are also grateful to the Madeiran Centre of Science and Technology (CITMA) for financial support. Acknowledgements are due to Mr. Rogério Correia and Juan Silva for the technical assistance in conducting the laboratory and fieldwork and to Dr. Andrzej Aniol for valuable advice during preparation of this manuscript.