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Original

Ethnicity and Ethnic Identity as Predictors of Drug Norms and Drug Use Among Preadolescents in the US Southwest

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Pages 1061-1094 | Published online: 07 Dec 2004
 

Abstract

This article reports the results of research exploring how ethnicity and ethnic identity may “protect” adolescents against drug use and help them form antidrug use norms. This study was conducted in 1998 and is based on a sample of 4364 mostly Mexican American seventh graders residing in a large southwestern city of diverse acculturation statuses. It aims at testing existing findings by conducting the research within the unique geographic and ethnic context of the Southwest region of the United States. This research examines how strength of ethnic identity plays a distinctive role in drug use behavior among the various ethnic groups represented in the sample: Mexican Americans, other Latinos, American Indians, African Americans, non-Hispanic Whites, and those of mixed ethnic backgrounds. Positive ethnic identity (i.e., strong ethnic affiliation, attachment, and pride) was associated with less substance use and stronger antidrug norms in the sample overall. Unexpectedly, the apparently protective effects of positive ethnic identity were generally stronger for non-Hispanic White respondents (a numerical minority group in this sample) than for members of ethnic minority groups. Implications for prevention programs tailored for Mexican/Mexican American students are discussed.

Resumen

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre como entre los adolescentes la pertenencia a un group étnico y la identidad étnica pueden tener un efecto protector contra las drogas y ayudarlos a adoptar valores anti-drogas. El estudio fué conducido en 1998 y está basado en una muestra de 4364 jóvenes de 7° grado, en su mayoria de ascendencia Mexicana, con diversos niveles de aculturación y residiendo en un centro metropolitano del sudoeste americano. El propósito del estudio fue examinar nociones generalizada sobre el tema en el contexto cultural y geográfico del sudoeste americano. Especificamente ésta investigación examina como el poseer una identidad étnica clara juega un rol importante en los comportamientos relacionados al uso de drogas entre los diversos grupos étnicos representados en la muestra: Mexicanos Americanos, otros Latinos, Indios Americanos, Africanos Americanos, Blancos no-Hispanos, y otros jóvenes de ascendencia multi-étnica. Los resultados del estudio muestran como una identidad étnica positiva (i.e. afiliación étnica fuerte, sentido de pertenencia y orgullo étnico) se asocia a niveles más bajos de uso de drogas y valores anti-drogas más firmes. Sorpresivamente, los efectos positivos aparentes relacionados a identidad étnica fueron generalmente más fuertes entre los jóvenes Blancos no-Hispanos (una minoría númerica en ésta muestra) que entre los jóvenes provenientes de grupos étnicos minoritarios. Posibles aplicaciones de éstos resultados se presentan en relación a programas de prevención diseñados especificamente para jóvenes Mexicanos y Mexicanos Americanos.

Résumé

Cet article reporte les resultats d'une recherche explorant comment l'éthnicité et l'identité éthnique peuvent protèger les adolescents contre l'usage des drogues et les aider à adopter des valeurs anti-drogues. Cette étude fut conduite en 1998 et basée sur un échantillon de 4,364, majoritairement Mexicain-Americains de septième catégories residant dans une grande ville au Sud-Ouest de divers status d'acculturation. Cella a pour but de tester les trouvailles existantes en conduisant la recherche dans un unique contexte geographique et l'éthnique de la region Sud-Ouest des Etats-Unis. Cette recherche montre comment le pouvoir de l'identité éthnique joue un rôle significatif sur l'usage des drogues parmi les groupes éthniques variés représentés dans l'échantillon: Mexicain-Americains, autres Latinos, Indien-Americains, Africain-Americains, les Blancs non-Hispanic et ceux ayant des orgines éthniques divers. L'identité positive éthnique (c'est à dire, une affiliation, un attachement et fierté éthnique forts) fut associée avec une faible substance d'usage et une plus ferme norme anti-drogue dans la totalité de l'échantillon. Subitement, les effects apparemment protectifs de l'identité positive éthnique furent généralement plus forts pour les Blancs non-Hispanic répondants (un groupe numérique minoritaire dans cet échantillon) que pour les autres membres des groupes éthniques minoritaries. Des implications pour des programmes de preventions adaptés aux étudiants Mexicains/Mexicain-Americains ont été discutées.

Notes

aThe category “Hispanic” is used in the literature to represent an ethnic group when it represents a cultural or language group and not ethnicity.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Flavio Francisco Marsiglia

Flavio Francisco Marsiglia is Associate Professor of Social Work at Arizona State University. He is currently the director of the Southwest Inter-disciplinary Research Consortium, a National Institutes of Health funded research center. His research focuses on substance abuse prevention and ethnicity. He can be reached through e-mail at [email protected].

Stephen Kulis

Stephen Kulis is Professor of Sociology at Arizona State University. His research focuses on the role of gender and ethnic identity in youth drug use, gender and racial inequities in professional careers, and the organizational sources of discrimination. He can be reached through e-mail at [email protected].

Michael L. Hecht

Michael Hecht is professor and head of the Department of Speech Com-munication at The Pennsylvania State University. He has recently collaborated with Miller, M., Alberts, J. K., et al. in publishing a book on drug abuse and adolescents called Adolescent relationships and drug abuse (2000) NY: Eribaum Publications. He can be reached through e-mail at Michael. [email protected].

Stephen Sills

Stephen Sills is a Ph.D. candidate in Sociology at Arizona State University. His research interests include ethnicity, health outcomes, and migration. He can be reached through e-mail at [email protected].

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