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Original

Pleasure: From Onthogenesis to Addiction

Pages 1423-1434 | Published online: 03 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

Among the various models proposed for understanding the dynamics of addiction to psychoactive substances, no single one succeeds in explaining how the three dimensions—biological, psychological, and social—interact. The physio-pathological models proposed so far suffer from too reductive a vision of the notion of pleasure to hope to supply this explanation. Studies in the neurosciences and genetics indicate that cerebral function, and hence pleasure itself, is determined less by our genes than by the continuous interaction that occurs between every organism and its environment, including other individuals. These indications make it possible to propose an integrated model capable of answering the main questions posed by all types of addiction.

Resumen

Entre los varios modelos propuestos para comprender las dinámicas de la addiction por sustancias psicoactivas, nadie consigue explicar cómo las tres dimensiones—biológicas, psicológicas y social—interactúan entre ellas. Para poder hacerlo, los modelos fisiopatológicos propuestos hasta ahora, sufren de una visión demasiado limitada de la noción de placer sobre la cual se basan. Las neurociencias y la genética indican cómo el funcionamiento cerebral y por consiguiente el mismo placer, más que por nuestros genes, se determine por las continuas interacciones a las cuales cada organismo está sometido con el ambiente y con los otros. Estas indicaciones permiten proponer un modelo integrado que pueda responder a las principales preauntas que pone cada addiction.

Résumé

Parmi les différents modèles proposés pour comprendre les dynamiques de l’addiction pour substances psychoactives, aucun ne réussit à expliquer comment les trois dimensions biologique, psychologique et sociale, interagissent. Pour pouvoir le faire, les modèles psychopathologiques proposés jusqu’ici, souffrent d’une vision trop limitée de la notion de plaisir sur laquelle ils reposent. Les neurosciences et la génétique, indiquent que le fonctionnement cérébral et donc le plaisir lui même, est déterminé, plus que par nos gènes, par les interactions continues auxquelles chaque organisme est soumis avec l’ambiance et les autres. Ces indications permettent de proposer un modèle intégré qui puisse répondre aux principales questions que pose chaque addiction.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Henri Margaron

Henri Margaron, M.D., Psychiatrist, is Director of the Department of Addiction—AUSL6 Livorno (Italy). He has recently authored two books on addiction themes: Il labirinto della dipendenza (Il Pensiero Scientifico, Rome, 1997) and Le stagioni degli dei (Cortina, Milano, 2001). Dr. Margaron has been engaged in defining a clinical model of addictive behaviors which is grounded on an interdisciplinary approach since 1997. He published several articles on this argument, as well as having made numerous presentations at national and international Congresses.

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