![Sample our Politics & International Relations journals, sign in here to start your FREE access for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5947/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Politics-International-Relations.jpg"})
Abstract
Robert Michels stated that all democratic organizations sooner or later end up as ruled by the few. But are there certain dilemmas forcing organizations more or less easily into the oligarchic path? In the interview material from six small voluntary associations such dilemmas were identified. Dilemmas seemed to arise regarding representativeness and competence among leaders, handling of external forces, interpretation of goals, and maintaining commitment. Some of the dilemmas were implicit, some were more explicitly acknowledged. It is concluded that the “iron law of oligarchy” is avoidable, if the organization becomes aware of these dilemmas.
Notes
4. Michels, R., op. cit
12. Ibid
15. Putman, R. 2000, op. cit
16. Jonsson et al., op.cit
17. Lukács, G., op. cit
18. Merton, R.K., op. cit
21. Putman, R. 1993, op. cit
22. Lukács, G., op. cit
23. Pateman,C. 1989, op. cit