TOTAL ARSENIC ACCUMULATION IN EDIBLE PODS AND SEEDS OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to evaluate whether arsenic accumulated in the edible pods and seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris, cv. Helda, above the Spanish maximum recommended concentration for food crops, 1 mg kg⁻¹ on a fresh weight basis. Only organic arsenicals were used because they are: a) the only arsenic species allowed for agricultural applications and b) more mobile than inorganic species. Selection of French beans, a sensitive plant to arsenic, was based on the fact that arsenic upward translocation is higher in sensitive than in tolerant plants. A 2 × 3 factorial experiment was conducted with two organic arsenic species: methylarsonic acid (MAA) or dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) and three arsenic concentrations: 0.2, 0.5, or 1.0 mg L⁻¹. Arsenic phytotoxicity was primarily determined by soluble arsenic concentration. Experimental results showed that the low bean plant tolerance to arsenic is possibly due to the high arsenic upward transport to shoots, which could result in profound negative metabolic consequences. Even under extremely adverse conditions, arsenic residues in edible beans were below the maximum statutory limit set by the Spanish legislation. It can be concluded that the major danger of organic arsenical herbicides is that of decreased productivity rather than high arsenic uptake by consumers.

Keywords:

• Dimethylarsinic acid
• Edible vegetables
• Food contaminants
• French beans
• Methylarsonic acid

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Funding for this research was provided by the Conselleria de Cultura, Educació i Ciència (Generalitat Valenciana), through Project GV99-141-1-13, for which the authors are deeply indebted.