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Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is one of the major factors limiting plant production in acid soils. Calcium (Ca) plays a very important role in the response of plants to salt stress. Little information is available about ratios of Al/Ca on the growth of mungbean seedlings under Al stress. Mungbean seedlings were grown in solution with combined concentrations of Al (0, 2, and 5 mM) and Ca (0–10 mM) in a randomized complete block design experiment for 16 days, to evaluate effects of the ratios on alleviation of Al toxicity for the morphological growth under Al stress. The results showed that Al0 + CaO significantly decreased the epicotyl length, seedling height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight by 25%, 15%, 16%, 16%, and 16%, respectively, compared with a control (Al0 + Ca0.5). At 2mM Al without Ca in the solution (Al2 + Ca0), the epicotyl length, seedling height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight were decreased by 26%, 12%, 12%, 14%, and 12%, respectively, compared with a control (Al2 + Ca0.5). At 5mM Al without Ca in the solution (Al5 + Ca0), the epicotyl length, seedling height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight were also decreased by 16%, 8%, 4%, 9%, and 7%, respectively, compared with a control (Al5 + Ca0.5). At 2mM Al stress, with the ratio of Al/Ca = 1:2 (Al2 + Ca4), the epicotyl length, seedling height, and fresh weight increased 13%, 5%, and 15%, respectively, compared with the control (Al2 + Ca0.5). While at 2mM Al stress, the root length at Al/Ca = 2:1 (Al2 + CA1) and dry weight at Al/Ca = 1:1 (Al2 + Ca2) were shown to be increased by 4% and 5%, respectively. At 5mM Al stress, with the ratio of Al/Ca = 2:1 (Al5 + Ca2.5), the epicotyl length, seedling height, and fresh weight increased 12%, 4%, and 7%, respectively, compared with the control (Al5 + Ca0.5). However, the root length and dry weight with the ratio either of Al/Ca = 2:1, 1:1 or 1:2, had no ameliorating effect, but was shown to have a negative effect, compared with the control (Al5 + Ca0.5). This suggests that the alleviation effect and its extent of Ca on Al toxicity for the seedling morphological growth are dependent on characters, the degree of Al stress, and the ratio of Al to Ca.