Ameliorative Effects of Potassium Phosphate on Salt‐Stressed Pepper and Cucumber

Abstract

Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Urfa Isoto) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Beith Alpha F1) were grown in pots containing field soil to investigate the effects of supplementary potassium phosphate applied to the root zone of salt‐stressed plants. Treatments were (1) control: soil alone (C); (2) salt treatment: C plus 3.5 g NaCl kg⁻¹ soil (C + S); and (3) supplementary potassium phosphate: C + S plus supplementary 136 or 272 mg KH₂PO₄ kg⁻¹ soil (C + S + KP). Plants grown in saline treatment produced less dry matter, fruit yield, and chlorophyll than those in the control. Supplementary 136 or 272 mg KH₂PO₄ kg⁻¹ soil resulted in increases in dry matter, fruit yield, and chlorophyll concentrations compared to salt‐stressed (C + S) treatment. Membrane permeability in leaf cells (as assessed by electrolyte leakage from leaves) was impaired by NaCl application. Supplementary KH₂PO₄ reduced electrolyte leakage especially at the higher rate. Sodium (Na) concentration in plant tissues increased in leaves and roots in the NaCl treatment. Concentrations of potassium (K) and Phosphorus (P) in leaves were lowered in salt treatment and almost fully restored by supplementary KH₂PO₄ at 272 mg kg⁻¹ soil. These results clearly show that supplementary KH₂PO₄ can partly mitigate the adverse effects of high salinity on both fruit yield and whole plant biomass in pepper and cucumber plants.

Keywords:

• Salinity
• Bell pepper
• Cucumber
• Potassium phosphate
• Fruit yield

Acknowledgments

Authors wish to thank University of Harran (Turkey), University of Hertfordshire (UK), and Biological Research Centre (Mexico) for supporting this work.