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Abstract
Cross-linking of chitosan by the thermosole method was achieved using a dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) cross-linking agent in the presence of triethanolamine hydrochloride (TEA.HCl) as a catalyst under different conditions including time, temperature, and concentration of DMDHEU or TEA.HCl, and reagents to chitosan ratio. Two cross-linked chitosan substrates, having amino contents of 386 and 430 meg/100 g were prepared and characterized as ion exchangers by investigating their potentiometric titration as well as swelling in HCl or water. These two substrates were used for the removal of three dyes (direct, hydrolyzed reactive, or acid) from aqueous solutions under different pHs and time. The adsorption kinetics of the removal process were studied.