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Original Articles

Estimation of Yeast Mass Increase in Production Brewing Fermentations by Calculation of Carbohydrate Utilization

Pages 166-171 | Published online: 01 Feb 2018
 

Abstract

The measurement of yeast proliferation during large static production brewing fermentations is notoriously difficult owing to physical sampling restrictions and inconsistent sample homogeneity. An approach is described here that does not require representative yeast sampling of a fermenter for the measurement of yeast mass increase during fermentation. The measure is based on the application of stoichiometric mass balance to the metabolism of individual carbohydrate classes and takes into consideration the fact that yeast growth is limited by sterols and dissolved oxygen and not by available carbohydrate in practical brewing fermentations. The quantity determined is the amount of carbohydrate incorporated into the yeast mass, which is a direct index of yeast proliferation. An error analysis of the calculated yeast increase value based on 32 independent brews, each analyzed twice, yielded a single-brew, single-analysis coefficient of variation estimate of 5.0%. This study also provides insight into the reasons why Balling's classic formula often fails to deliver accurate estimates for original gravity, especially when preconverted adjuncts, high-gravity brewing, and novel aeration protocols are used.

RESUMEN

La medida de la proliferación de levadura durante fermentaciones estáticas grandes en la producción de cerveza es notorio difícil debido a restricciones físicas de muestreo y homogeneidad variable de la muestra. Un acercamiento se describe aquí que no requiere un muestreo representativo de la levadura de un fermentador para la medida del aumento de la masa de levadura durante la fermentación. La medida se basa en el uso del equilibrio total estequiométrico al metabolismo de las clases individuales de carbohidratos y toma en consideración que el crecimiento de la levadura es limitado por los esteroles y el oxígeno disuelto y no por los carbohidratos disponibles en fermentaciones prácticas de la cervecería. La cantidad determinada es la cantidad de carbohidrato incorporada en la masa de la levadura, que es un índice directo de la proliferación de la levadura. Un análisis del error del valor calculado del aumento de la levadura basado en 32 independiente cervezas, cada uno analizada dos veces, rendido una solocerveza, solo-análisis estimación de la coeficiente de variación de 5.0%. Este estudio también proporciona algunas razones que la fórmula clásica de Balling a veces no puede entregar las estimaciones exactas para la gravedad original, especialmente cuando usando adjuntos convertidos, altogravedad fabricación de cerveza, y los protocolos nuevos de aireación.

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