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Original Articles

Arabinoxylan Composition in Barley, Malt, and Beer

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Pages 216-220 | Published online: 06 Feb 2018
 

Abstract

Arabinoxylans comprise 4–8% of the barley kernel and are major constituents of both aleurone and endosperm cell walls. They are partially water soluble, high-molecular-weight polymers that contribute to viscosity. Both arabinoxylan and β-glucan content of barley were found to be significantly related to beer viscosity. Therefore, arabinoxylan may be involved in some of the undesirable effects normally attributed to the β-glucans in the brewing process. A study was made of three malting barley samples to determine the composition of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) fractions, total and insoluble, and to observe the change in their content during both commercial malting and pilot-brewing. The NSP fractions were isolated by a combination of enzyme treatments and fractional precipitation and then analyzed by gas chromatography. The NSP fractions were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased during malting and brewing. Arabinose and xylose, at a ratio of 0.70–0.72, accounted for 70% of total NSP in pilot-brewed beer. Thus highly substituted arabinoxylan alone, or synergistically with β-glucan, could result in lautering and/or filtering problems during brewing. Further investigations on the structural characteristics of arabinoxylan in barley, malt, and beer are a priority.

Resumen

Los arabinoxilanos representan el 4–8% del grano de cebada y son de los principales constituyentes de las paredes celulares de la a leurona y del endospermo. Son polímeros de alto peso molecular, parcialmente solubles en agua, que contribuyen a la viscosidad. Se encontró que el nivel de arabinoxilanos y β-glucanos en la cebada está muy relacionado a la viscosidad de la cerveza. Por lo tanto, los arabinoxilanos pudieran estar involucrados en algunos efectos indeseables en el proceso cervecero y que normalmente se atribuyen a los β-glucanos. Se realizó un estudio con tres muestras de cebadas malteras para determiner la composición de las fracciones de polisacarldo no-almidón (NSP), total e insoluble, y observar los cambios en su contenido durante el malteo, a nivel piloto y a escala comercial. Las fracciones NSP se aislaron con una combinación de tratamiento enzimático y precipitación fraccionada y luego analizadas por cromatografía de gases. Las fracciones NSP se redujeron significativamente (P < 0.05) durante el malteo y proceso cervecero. La arabinosa y la xilosa, en una relación de 0.70–0.72 representaron el 70% del total de NSP en la cerveza elaborada en la planta piloto. Por lo tanto, los arabinoxilanos sustituidos, solos o en sinergia con beta glucanos, pueden causar problemas durante el filtrado de mosto y/o cerveza. Es necesario seguir investigando las características estructurales de los arabinoxilanos en cebada, malta, y cerveza.

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