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Abstract
The aim of this study was to differentiate hop pellets by essential oil analysis. Volatile compounds of five aromatic cultivars (Styrie, Saaz, Lublin, Mount Hood, and Hallertau) and seven bitter cultivars (Northern Brewer, Nugget, Pride of Ringwood, Northdown, Galena, Target, and Challenger) were extracted with a Likens-Nickerson simultaneous solvent extractor. The extracts had a strong hop aroma that varied according to the type of hop. Approximately 100 compounds were separated by gas chromatography (GC) and identified by GC-mass spectrometry. An identification flowchart including seven terpenic compounds, four esters, and one methyl ketone was established to discriminate between fresh samples of the 12 investigated cultivars. High amounts of bergamotene and farnesene were found only in Saaz, Lublin, and Styrie samples. Quantification of 4-decenoic acid methyl ester and 3-methyl butyl isobutyrate proved a quick means of distinguishing non-European and European bitter hops from aromatic cultivars.
Resumen
El propósito de este estudio fue diferenciar lúpulo en pellets por análisis de aceites esenciales. Compuestos volátiles de 5 variedades aromáticas (Styrie, Saaz, Lublin, Mount Hood, y Hallertau) y siete variedades amargas (Northern Brewer, Nugget, Pride of Ringwood, Northdown, Galena, Target, y Challenger) fueron extraídas con el extractor simultáneo de solventes Likens-Nickerson. Los extractos tuvieron un fuerte aroma a 1úpulo, variando de acuerdo al tipo de 1úpulo. Casi cien compuestos fueron separados por cromatografía de gases e identificados por espectrometría de masas. Un diagrama de flujo de identificación incluyendo 7 compuestos terpénicos, 4 ésteres, y una metilcetona fueron establecidas para discriminar entre muestras frescas de las 12 variedades investigadas. Altas cantidades de bergamoteno y farneseno fueron encontradas solamente en muestras de Saaz, Lublin, y Styrie. La cuantificación del éster metilico del ácido 4-decenoico y del isobutirato de 3- metilbutilo proveen un medio rápido para distinguir lúpulos amargos europeos y no-europeos de variedades aromáticas.