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Original Articles

Optimization of Mashing Conditions When Mashing with Unmalted Sorghum and Commercial Enzymes

La Optimización de Condiciones de Maceración Cuando se Macera con Zahína no Malteada y Enzimas Comerciales

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Pages 69-78 | Received 23 Apr 2002, Accepted 04 Dec 2002, Published online: 01 Feb 2018
 

Abstract

Small-scale mashing experiments were carried out with 100% unmalted sorghum grist. A commercial mashing program with temperature stands at 50, 95, and 60°C was carried out. A heat-stable α-amylase, a bacterial protease, and a fungal α-amylase were used in all experiments. The effects of the addition of various commercial enzymes, the adjustment of the calcium level of the mash-in liquor, and the adjustment of the initial pH of the mash were observed. An optimum mashing procedure suitable for the production of wort from unmalted sorghum was developed. The optimization results suggested that the potential for brewing a high-quality beer from unmalted sorghum could be improved by 1) adjusting the mash-in liquor to give a calcium content of 200 parts per million; 2) adjusting the mash-in pH to 6.5; 3) using a mashing program with temperature-time stands of 50°C × 50 min, 80°C × 10 min, 95°C × 40 min, and 60°C × 30 min; 4) using a heat-stable α-amylase (120 U/g of grist, added at the end of the 50°C stand), a neutral protease (100 U/g of grist, added at mash-in), and a fungal α-amylase (600 U/g of grist, added at the start of the 60°C stand); and 5) adjusting the pH to 5.5 prior to the 60°C stand.

RESUMEN

Experimentos de maceración en escala reducida fueron realizados con 100% de grano de zahína. Un programa de maceración comercial con temperaturas de permanencia a 50, 95, y 60°C fue realizado. En todos los experimentos se utilizo un a-amilasa termoestable, un protease bacteriano, y un a-amilasa fungicida. Los efectos de la adición de varias enzimas comerciales, los del ajuste del nivel de calcio en el licor macerado, y los del ajuste del pH inicial del macerado fueron observados. Un procedimiento optimo de maceración conveniente para la producción de mosto de zahína no malteada fue desarrollado. Los resultados de la optimización sugirieron que el potencial para elaborar una cerveza de alta calidad utilizando zahína no malteada podría ser mejorado mediante 1) el ajuste en licor macerado para obtener un contenido de 200 porciones por millón de calcio; 2) el ajuste de pH en macerado a 6.5; 3) el uso de un programa de maceración con temperaturas de permanencia de 50°C × 50 minutos, 80°C × 10 minutos, 95°C × 40 minutos, y 60°C × 30 minutos; 4) el uso de a-amilasa termoestable (120 U/g de grano molido, agregado al final de la permanencia de 50°C), un protease neutral (100 U/g de grano molido, agregado en macerado), y un a-amilasa fungicida (600 U/g de grano molido, agregado al comienzo de la permanencia de 60°C); y 5) ajustando el pH a 5.5 antes de la permanencia de 60°C.

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