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Abstract
Offshore 3D‐seismic acquisition has been a standard for high‐precision structural imaging in the oil and gas industry for many years. Recently this technique has been adapted by only a few teams to the resolution required for archaeological marine investigation. In contrast to sonar techniques, the 3D‐seismic method produces images below the sea‐floor. We investigate the harbour of the Viking age proto‐town of Hedeby in Northern Germany with the SEAMAP‐3D system. SEAMAP‐3D allows for rapid acquisition and employs an automated data processing sequence. We observe a wealth of archaeologically relevant detail and compare our results with previous work.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Detlef Schulte Kortnack for his excellent technical support and Tobias Jokisch, Falko Oestmann, Patrick Moldenhauer and Dennis Wilken who helped with the field surveys. The SEAMAP‐3D project was financially supported by the BMBF (German Federal Ministry of Education and Research). We would also like to thank an anonymous reviewer as well as Stuart Fraser and Miranda Richardson for helping to improve the paper.
Notes
1. For a more detailed account on the conducted surveys in the harbour, see Kalmring, Citation2010: 63.
2. During the surveys by the Department of Geophysics, Kiel University, a pinger with an acoustic frequency of 5-kHz was used.
3. A Chirp‐II boomer was used during the surveys by the Centre of Maritime Archaeology of the Danish National Museum in Roskilde and the GEOMAR Kiel, which can send a range of frequencies of 2–7 and 8–23-kHz.