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Abstract
Students at Stevens Institute of Technology (Hoboken, NJ, USA) investigated the reasons for an elongated projection at the bow of Mediterranean galleys. Using a 1:20 base model adapted from the Trireme Trust's Olympias fitted with: 1) an elongated projection; and 2) a control bow similar to excavated merchant ships, tow‐tank tests were carried out at various speeds. Hydrodynamic resistance and power were calculated for each bow type. Above speeds corresponding to 6 knots, the cutwater bow significantly attenuated the model's bow waves when compared to the control bow. These results were then compared to those of the ship with a ram‐type bow from experiments conducted in 1985 at the National Technical University of Athens, which showed similar wave‐attenuating characteristics.
Abstract
冲撞角出现前的船首破浪材༚水线冲撞角起源与发展的实验性研究
斯蒂文斯理工学院 (美国新泽西州霍博肯市) 的学生探索造成地中海单层甲板大帆船-首存在延伸突出部的原因。实验以“三层桨战船信托”的Olympias号为蓝本采用1:20的比例做出模型同时加装-1) 一个延伸突出部-2) 一个同已发掘商船相似的“可调节-首”, 并在拖曳水池中以各种速度进行了实验。每种船首形式的水动阻力及水动力都经过计算。在速度超-6节时, 相对于“可控”船首, 船首破浪材使模型船首波浪显著衰减。这些结果进而与1985年雅典国家理工学院为实验而打造的冲撞角式船首-舶的实验结论相比较, 两-都显示了相似的波浪衰减特征。
沖撞角出現前的船首破浪材༚水線沖撞角起源與發展的實驗性研究
斯蒂文斯理工學院 (美國新澤西州霍博肯市) 的學生探索造成地中海單層甲板大帆船-首存在延伸突出部的原因。實驗以“三層槳戰船信托”的Olympias號為藍本采用1:20的比例做出模型同時加裝-1) 一個延伸突出部-2) 一個同已發掘商船相似的“可調節船首”, 並在拖曳水池中以各種速度進行了實驗。每種船首形式的水動阻力及水動力都經過計算。在速度超-6節時, 相對於“可控”船首, 船首破浪材使模型船首波浪顯-衰減。這些結果進而-1985年雅典國家理工學院為實驗而打造的沖撞角式船首-舶的實驗結論相比較, 兩者-顯示了相似的波浪衰減特征。
Tajamares antes que espolones: una investigación experimental sobre los orígenes y el desarrollo del espolón
Los estudiantes del Instituto Stevens de Tecnología (Hoboken, NJ, USA) investigaron las razones para la existencia de una proyección alargada en la proa de las galeras mediterráneas. Usando un modelo a escala 1:20 basado en la trirreme Olympias del Trireme's Trust equipado con: 1) una proyección alargada y 2) una “proa de control”, similar a la de naves mercantes documentadas arqueológicamente; se realizaron pruebas de arrastre a diferentes velocidades en un canal de ensayos hidrodinámicos. La resistencia hidrodinámica y la potencia fueron calculadas para cada tipo de proa. En comparación con la “proa de control”, en velocidades superiores a 6 nudos, el tajamar atenuaba significativamente las olas ocasionadas por la proa del modelo. Estos resultados se compararon con los obtenidos en 1985 en la Universidad Nacional Técnica de Atenas para una nave equipada con espolón en la proa y ambos modelos mostraron características similares de atenuación de las olas.
José Luis Casaban y Ricardo Borrero
Acknowledgements
One objective of the ‘Engineering in History’ course was to give students a tangible understanding of engineering problem‐solving in different historical contexts. Student feedback confirmed that this foray into ancient vessel design, with model building and tank testing, made history come alive for them. The authors wish to thank those students who participated in this project: Angela Bauroth, Farhana Begum, Jessica Borque, Uihoon Chung, Sara Hassan, Luke Hillers, Jane Hughes, James Lester, Jesus Neyra, and Byung Park. They also thank the SIT Office of the Provost, the IEEE History Center, and the Onassis Foundation, USA for the support needed to host a Symposium on the project at SIT on March 11, 2015.
Supporting Information
Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article at the publisher’s website:
Short videos of the tank tests are available with the online version of this article: http://onlnelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1095-9270.12208/full