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Article

Sailing and Sailing Rigs in the Ancient Mediterranean: implications of continuity, variation and change in propulsion technology

Pages 28-44 | Received 21 Dec 2017, Accepted 21 Dec 2017, Published online: 15 Apr 2021
 

Abstract

Ships and boats form the foundations of the maritime connectivity that is a central part of our understanding of the ancient Mediterranean. While the general chronological sequence of sail and sailing‐rig development is well established, the implications are less‐well discussed. This article sets out how sails and sailing rigs developed in antiquity, with emphasis on the Greco‐Roman world. Subsequently, instances of innovation are defined. Why specific pieces of maritime technology were, or were not, widely adopted is considered. Long‐term technological continuity can be comprehended, and a shared maritime culture of sailing in the ancient Mediterranean is suggested.

抽象

古代地中海的帆与索具:推进技术连贯性、演变与变化的影响

船舶是构成海上连通的基础, 而海上连通则是我们了解古代地中海的核心组成部分。虽然帆与索具发展的基本序列已很好地建立起来, 但其影响却很少被-论。本文以希腊罗马世界为重点, 首先探讨帆与索具在古代的发展演进。随后, 我们界定出具体的变革实例。在文中我们还会-论特定的航海技术部件为何-被广泛使用或抛弃的问题。我们-识到技术具有长期连续性, 并提出古代地中海存在一种风帆共享的航海文化这-观点。

关键词:地中海, 帆, 航海, 横帆, 斜杠帆, 三角帆

古代地中海的帆與索具:推進技術-貫性、演變-變化的影響

船舶是構成海上連通的基礎, 而海上連通則是我們了解古代地中海的核心組成部分。雖然帆與索具發展的基本序列已很好地建立起來, 但其影響卻很少被-論。本文以希臘羅馬世界爲重點, 首先探討帆與索具在古代的發展演進。隨後, 我們界定出具體的變革實例。在文中我們還會討論特定的航海技術-件爲何會被廣泛使用或抛棄的問題。我們-識到技術具有長期連續性, 並提出古代地中海存在一種風帆共享的航海文化這一-點。

關-詞:地中海, 帆, 航海, 橫帆, 斜杠帆, 三角帆

Abstracto

Navegación y Jarcias en el Antiguo Mediterráneo: implicaciones de la continuidad, variación y cambio en la tecnología de propulsión

Las embarcaciones mayores y menores son el fundamento de la conectividad marítima que es parte central de nuestra comprensión del Mediterráneo antiguo. Aunque la secuencia cronológica general del desarrollo de la vela y las jarcias está bien establecida, sus implicaciones han sido menos ampliamente discutidas. Este artículo expone cómo las velas y las jarcias se desarrollaron en la antigüedad con énfasis en el mundo Greco‐Romano. Subsecuentemente, se definen instancias de innovación. Se considera por qué piezas específicas de la tecnología marítima fueron, o no fueron, extendidamente adoptadas. Se sugiere que los mecanismos de continuidad tecnológica a largo plazo pueden comprenderse y que existe una cultura marítima de la navegación compartida en el Mediterráneo Antiguo.

Palabras clave: Mediterráneo, navegación, marinería, vela cuadra, vela tarquina, vela latina

ملخص

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank the Archaeological Institute of America for the award of their Richard J. Steffy Lecturship in 2014/15, which was the catalyst that allowed many of the ideas contained in this paper to coalesce. In addition, valuable discussion on some of the subjects covered here has been undertaken at different times with Ross Thomas, Juan‐Pablo Olaberria, Patrice Pomey, Yak Kahanov, Colin Palmer, Jon Adams, Pat Tanner, and Lucy Blue. I would also like to thank Lucy Blue and Fraser Sturt for commenting on earlier drafts of this paper, and the IJNA's anonymous referee's for their valuable and insightful comments.

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