Nutrition knowledge and dietary patterns in ophthalmic patients

ABSTRACT

Clinical significance

Ophthalmic nutrition education programs and good dietary patterns are of considerable significance to ocular health outcomes.

Background

The study aimed at assessing the level of ophthalmic nutrition knowledge and to compare the dietary patterns between different ophthalmic patients.

Methods

Four hundred and ninety‐two adults (mean age 54.7 ± 19.4-years) receiving care at three eye‐care facilities in Ghana were surveyed: 171 had senile cataract, 162 had open‐angle glaucoma, and 159 had healthy eyes. A modified food frequency questionnaire was administered to elicit ophthalmic nutrition knowledge and dietary intake information of participants over the last 30-days. The results were compared between the three groups.

Results

More than half of the participants (n = 267; 54.3 per cent) had received some form of education on food sources that are good for the eyes and vision, with healthy participants accounting for 50.6 per cent of this proportion. Television (55.1 per cent; 147/267), radio (49.1 per cent; 131/267) and the eye doctor (34.1 per cent; 91/267) were the most frequent sources of ophthalmic nutritional knowledge. Overall, less than one‐quarter of the participants (n = 108; 22.2 per cent) were able to correctly identify one food source for at least four out of seven selected ophthalmic nutrients. Vitamin C was the most frequently consumed ophthalmic nutrient, whereas lycopene was the least taken across all groups. The average ophthalmic nutrients intake score for those with healthy eyes (59.16 [53.39–64.93]) was significantly greater than for both glaucoma patients (37.73 [32.01–43.44]) and cataract patients (34.81 [29.24–40.37]).

Conclusion

In addition to poor ophthalmic nutrition awareness and knowledge, both cataract and glaucoma patients, compared to those with healthy eyes, consumed a lesser amount of nutrients considered vital for eye health and vision. Ophthalmic nutrition education is needed to improve eye‐health outcomes.

KEYWORDS:

• Dietary patterns
• Ghana
• nutritional knowledge
• ocular health
• ophthalmic patients

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the facility managers and clinical staff at the three study sites for their enormous support during the data collection process. The authors are equally grateful to all the participants for availing themselves for the study.