Debris flow triggered by rapid snowmelt: a case study in the glei .arhjalli area, northwestern iceland

Abstract

Debris flows in the Gleivarhjalli area in northwestern Iceland occurred after a sudden and intensive snowmelt period during 10–12 June, 1999. The area, in the northwestern part of the town of Ísafjörvur, was chosen for a detailed study. Meteorological data and bedrock conditions, triggering mechanisms and geomorphological and human impacts were examined. This paper describes and emphasises the role of rapid snowmelt as a mechanism for the release of debris flows in a subpolar basaltic fjord setting. Post‐event mapping of erosional and depositional landforms showed strong geomorphic impacts of debris flows and their role in mass transfer in a mountainous environment. The estimated denudation rate for the singleevent is 0.29 mm/km². The use of a new lichen growth curve provides relative dating of previous unreported events. Finally, the paper estimates the mean return period for debris‐flow events in the Gleivarhjalli area as 4–5 years, thus constituting a serious threat to the community.

Key words:

• debris flows
• rapid snowmelt
• geomorphic impact
• lichenometry
• northwestern Iceland