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Abstract
The article analyzes patterns in the distribution of manufacturing job losses that have been certified as trade-induced by the U.S. Department of Labor. Spatial patterns in the likelihood of job loss are examined in the United States for the period from 1994 to 2002, with particular emphasis on county-level patterns in New England. The findings demonstrate that the pattern of losses was correlated with measures of economic vitality and competitiveness including per capita income, educational attainment, occupational structure, and inventiveness. These results suggest that trade-induced deindustrialization is borne most heavily by places ill-equipped to compete in a more open, integrated international economy.
Notes
Sources: CitationU.S. Bureau of the Census (1996, Citation2005a, Citation2005b); CitationU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (2005).
Sources: CitationU.S. Bureau of the Census (2005a); author's calculations based on U.S. Department of Labor data described in the text.
Sources: CitationU.S. Bureau of the Census (2005a); author's calculations based on U.S. Department of Labor data described in the text.
*Statistically significant at the 0.05 confidence level.
**Statistically significant at the 0.01 confidence level.
Source: Based on criterion established in CitationPollard and Storper (1996) and data in CitationU.S. National Science Foundation (2005).
Notes: SIC=Standard Industrial Classification; NAICS=North American Industrial Classification System.
*The author thanks the Faculty Development Program at the University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh for its financial support, and Timothy Theberge, Regional Trade Coordinator for the U.S. Department of Labor in Boston, for help in compiling the data used in this project.