The Women Were Always Welcome at Clark

* I appreciate the assistance of Bill Koelsch and Dorothy Mosakowski in pointing me to materials in the Clark University Archives; the hospitality of Susan Hanson; research assistance by Stuart Lorkin; aid with manuscript preparation by Kathy Norris; the Clark women graduates who gave me their time and stories; and the comments of three anonymous reviewers. The phrase “The women were always welcome at Clark” comes from an interview with a 1930s graduate.

Abstract

In absolute and relative terms, since its founding in 1921, the Graduate School of Geography at Clark University has played a major role in educating women geographers. This article examines the period from the 1920s to the early 1970s, when Clark was most distinctive in its representation of women in comparison to other institutions. I examine patterns of enrollment, how the women came to choose Clark, their experiences of the institution and of the job market, and the regional, national, and international connections of Clark women. I pay attention to the women’s perspectives and to their relationships with faculty and alumni, especially founding director Wallace Atwood, questioning whether Ellen Churchill Semple’s presence on the Clark faculty in its first decade had any positive effect on women students’ relations to Clark. The themes are analyzed in relation to currents in the institution, the discipline, American higher education, and gender roles in U.S. society. Key issues that emerge are the occupational segregation within the discipline before the 1960s, which led to women being associated primarily with teacher training institutions and, to some extent, women’s colleges; Atwood’s commitment to geographic education; the importance of Clark networks; and the women’s valuing of a collaborative atmosphere and of field education.

Key Words:

• Clark University
• geography
• women graduate students
• institutional climate

Notes

* I appreciate the assistance of Bill Koelsch and Dorothy Mosakowski in pointing me to materials in the Clark University Archives; the hospitality of Susan Hanson; research assistance by Stuart Lorkin; aid with manuscript preparation by Kathy Norris; the Clark women graduates who gave me their time and stories; and the comments of three anonymous reviewers. The phrase “The women were always welcome at Clark” comes from an interview with a 1930s graduate.