Induction of Hepatic Metabolic Functions by a Novel Variant of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4γ

ABSTRACT

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is a critical factor for hepatocyte differentiation. HNF4α expression is decreased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which suggests a role in repression of hepatocyte dedifferentiation. In the present study, hepatic expression of HNF4γ was increased in liver-specific Hnf4a-null mice. The HNF4γ whose expression was increased contained two variants, a known short variant, designated HNF4γ1, and a novel long variant, designated HNF4γ2. HNF4G2 mRNA was highly expressed in small intestine, and the transactivation potential of HNF4γ2 was the strongest among these variants, but the potential of HNF4γ1 was the lowest. Cotransfection experiments revealed that HNF4γ1 repressed HNF4α- and HNF4γ2-dependent transactivation, while HNF4γ2 promoted HNF4α-dependent transactivation. HNF4γ1 and HNF4γ2 were able to bind to the HNF4α binding sites with an affinity similar to that of HNF4α. Furthermore, HNF4γ2, but not HNF4γ1, robustly induced the expression of typical HNF4α target genes to a greater degree than HNF4α. Additionally, HNF4γ2 suppressed proliferation of hepatoma cells as well as HNF4α and HNF4γ1 did, and HNF4γ2 induced critical hepatic functions, such as glucose and urea production, and cytochrome P450 1A2 activity more strongly than HNF4α and HNF4γ1 did. These results indicate that HNF4γ2 has potential for redifferentiation of HCC and thus may be explored as a target for HCC therapy.

KEYWORDS:

• HNF4γ
• hepatocellular carcinoma
• redifferentiation
• transactivation

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SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL

Supplemental material for this article may be found at https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.00213-18.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research no. 16K08728 to Y. Inoue), a Gunma University, Akita University, and Nagoya University collaborative investigation project (to Y. Inoue), and a Gunma University Medical Innovation Project (to Y. Inoue).

The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.

We declare that we have no conflicts of interest with the contents of this article.