Casein Kinase 2 Associates with the Yeast Chromatin Reassembly Factor Spt2/Sin1 To Regulate Its Function in the Repression of Spurious Transcription

Abstract

Spt2/Sin1 is a DNA binding protein with HMG-like domains. It plays a role in chromatin modulations associated with transcription elongation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Spt2 maintains the nucleosome level in coding regions and is important for the inhibition of spurious transcription in yeast. In this work, we undertook a biochemical approach to identify Spt2-interacting partners. Interestingly, casein kinase 2 (CK2) interacts with Spt2 and phosphorylates it in vitro as well as in vivo on two small regions, region I (RI) (amino acids 226 to 230) and RII (amino acids 277 to 281), located in its essential C-terminal domain. Mutation of the phosphorylation sites in RI and RII to acidic residues, thereby mimicking CK2 phosphorylation, leads to the inhibition of Spt2 function in the repression of spurious transcription and to a loss of its recruitment to coding regions. Inversely, depleting cells of CK2 activity leads to an increased Spt2 association with genes. We further show that Spt2 physically interacts with the essential histone chaperone Spt6 and that this association is inhibited in vitro and in vivo by CK2-dependent phosphorylation. Taken together, our data suggest that CK2 regulates the function of Spt2 by modulating its interaction with chromatin and the histone chaperone Spt6.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Alan Anderson, Nicolas Bisson, Andrea Duina, and Jacques Côté for helpful comments. We also thank Marie-Michelle Genois and Jean-Yves Masson for the technical assistance with electrophoretic mobility shift assays.

This work was supported by CIHR grant MOP81245 to A.N. G.B. holds an NSERC Ph.D. fellowship, and A.N. holds a Canada research chair.