Cell-Type-Specific Expression of the Platelet-Derived Growth Factor α Receptor: a Role for GATA-Binding Protein

Abstract

Platelet-derived growth factor α receptor (PDGFαR) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor for all three existing PDGF isoforms, AA, AB, and BB. Transcripts of PDGFαR are detected as early as in fertilized mouse eggs and throughout adulthood in a time- and space-specific manner, thereby suggesting an important role of PDGFs in mammalian development. In this study, we have investigated the mechanism involved in cell-type-specific PDGFαR gene expression during early embryonic development. Using F9 embryonic carcinoma cells as an in vitro study model, we identified a differentiation-dependent enhancer element within the PDGFαR promoter that controlled receptor expression during parietal endoderm cell differentiation induced by retinoic acid and dibutyryl cyclic AMP treatment. The differentiation-dependent enhancer element sequence bore no resemblance to consensus DNA-binding sites of either the retinoic acid receptor family or the cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein family. It was composed of two identical 12-bp direct repeats separated by a 17-bp insert sequence enriched in C and A nucleotides. Although only a single repeat was needed to form specific DNA-protein complexes with factors present in F9 parietal endoderm cell extracts, both repeats together were necessary to display cell-type-specific enhancing activity. Mutational analysis revealed that the protein-binding sites within the repeat sequences were identical to GATA-binding sites. In this study, we provided evidence to suggest that a member of the GATA transcription factor family (GATA-4) is responsible for parietal endoderm-specific PDGFαR expression.