HOXA9 Forms Triple Complexes with PBX2 and MEIS1 in Myeloid Cells

Abstract

Aberrant activation of the HOX, MEIS, and PBX homeodomain protein families is associated with leukemias, and retrovirally driven coexpression of HOXA9 and MEIS1 is sufficient to induce myeloid leukemia in mice. Previous studies have demonstrated that HOX-9 and HOX-10 paralog proteins are unique among HOX homeodomain proteins in their capacity to form in vitro cooperative DNA binding complexes with either the PBX or MEIS protein. Furthermore, PBX and MEIS proteins have been shown to form in vivo heterodimeric DNA binding complexes with each other. We now show that in vitro DNA site selection for MEIS1 in the presence of HOXA9 and PBX yields a consensus PBX-HOXA9 site. MEIS1 enhances in vitro HOXA9-PBX protein complex formation in the absence of DNA and forms a trimeric electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) complex with these proteins on an oligonucleotide containing a PBX-HOXA9 site. Myeloid cell nuclear extracts produce EMSA complexes which appear to contain HOXA9, PBX2, and MEIS1, while immunoprecipitation of HOXA9 from these extracts results in coprecipitation of PBX2 and MEIS1. In myeloid cells, HOXA9, MEIS1, and PBX2 are all strongly expressed in the nucleus, where a portion of their signals are colocalized within nuclear speckles. However, cotransfection of HOXA9 and PBX2 with or without MEIS1 minimally influences transcription of a reporter gene containing multiple PBX-HOXA9 binding sites. Taken together, these data suggest that in myeloid leukemia cells MEIS1 forms trimeric complexes with PBX and HOXA9, which in turn can bind to consensus PBX-HOXA9 DNA targets.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was supported by the Research Service of the Department of Veterans Affairs and by NIH grant DK48642 (H.J.L.). H.J.L. is a Clinical Investigator in the Department of Veterans Affairs. Rabbit antisera to HOXA9 and to HOXA10 were produced under a collaborative research project with Berkeley Antibodies Co., Inc., funded by NIH grant N43-DK-2-2219.

We thank Stephen Fong for technical assistance with cell culture, Mark Kamps for an antiserum to PBX proteins, Linda Shapiro for a gift of U-937 cells and for advice on their transfection, Gerry Krystal for FDCP1 cells, Dan Tenen for the PU.1 and C/EBPα probes, Mike Cleary for PBX1a, PBX2, and PBX3 cDNAs, and Arthur Buchberg and Jeff Montgomery for rabbit antisera to MEIS1 and for providing helpful comments on the manuscript.