Minimal Phenotype of Mice Homozygous for a Null Mutation in the Forkhead/Winged Helix Gene, Mf2

Abstract

Mf2 (mesoderm/mesenchyme forkhead 2) encodes a forkhead/winged helix transcription factor expressed in numerous tissues of the mouse embryo, including paraxial mesoderm, somites, branchial arches, vibrissae, developing central nervous system, and developing kidney. We have generated mice homozygous for a null mutation in the Mf2 gene (Mf2^lacZ ) to examine its role during embryonic development. The lacZallele also allows monitoring of Mf2 gene expression. Homozygous null mutants are viable and fertile and have no major developmental defects. Some mutants show renal abnormalities, including kidney hypoplasia and hydroureter, but the penetrance of this phenotype is only 40% or lower, depending on the genetic background. These data suggest that Mf2 can play a unique role in kidney development, but there is functional redundancy in this organ and other tissues with other forkhead/winged helix genes.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Yoichi Miyazaki for helpful and stimulating discussions. We also thank Holger Kulessa, Maureen Gannon, and Bettina Wilm for critical reading of the manuscript.

B.L.M.H. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.