A Multicopy Suppressor Gene of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae G₁ Cell Cycle Mutant Gene dbf4 Encodes a Protein Kinase and Is Identified as CDC5

Abstract

We have isolated a multicopy suppressor of the temperature-sensitive growth phenotype of organisms carrying mutations of DBF4, a gene that is required for the initiation of chromosomal DNA replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and that interacts with the CDC7 protein kinase. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the suppressor gene, provisionally named MSD2, revealed an open reading frame encoding a protein with a calculated M_r of 81,024, with amino acid sequence similarity to the catalytic domains of protein kinases. Both genetic linkage and complementation analyses indicated that MSD2 is identical to the cell division cycle gene CDC5. An activity that phosphorylated exogenously added casein was immunoprecipitated by antiserum against a TrpE-Cdc5 fusion protein from lysates of wild-type cells containing CDC5 on a multicopy plasmid but not of cells bearing a small deletion in the predicted protein kinase domain of CDC5 on the plasmid. Deletion of CDC5 was lethal and resulted in a dumbbell-shaped terminal morphology, with the nuclei almost divided but still connected. Consistent with the function at the G₂/M boundary, the CDC5 transcript accumulated periodically during the cell cycle, peaking at the G₂/M boundary. CDC5 on a multicopy plasmid also suppresses temperature-sensitive cdc15, cdc20, and dbf2 mutations which affect mitosis during the cell cycle.