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Original Articles

Sílaba, principio-rima y fonema como predictores de la lectura y la escritura tempranas

Syllable, onset-rhyme, and phoneme as predictors of early reading and spelling

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Pages 245-259 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Este estudio examina la importancia del conocimiento fonológico (sílaba, principio-rima, fonema) y el conocimiento de las letras en la predicción del rendimiento temprano en lectura y escritura. Participaron 28 niños de 5 años (3° infantil) y 20 niños de 6 años (1° primaria) de lengua española. Todos los niños eran prelectores en el momento de la primera medida. Se tomaron medidas de conocimiento fonológico, conocimiento de letras, lectura y escritura de palabras, a lo largo de un año. Las tareas de comparación de sílaba, comparación de principio-rima, y el conocimiento de letras fueron las que mejor predijeron el rendimiento en lectura y escritura un año después. Las implicaciones educativas para la enseñanza de la lectura y la escritura son discutidas.

Abstract

The study examines the relationship between phonological awareness (syllable, onset-rhyme, and phoneme), letter knowledge, and early reading and spelling in a shallow orthography such as Spanish. A total of 28 kindergartens (5-year-old) and 20 first-graders (6-year-old) were studied longitudinally over a 7-month period, using phonological awareness, letter knowledge, word-reading, and word-spelling measures. All children were pre-readers at the beginning of the research work. Syllable comparison ability, onset comparison ability, and letter knowledge proved significant predictors of both reading and spelling performance a year later. The educational implications of these findings for reading and spelling instruction are discussed.

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