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Original Articles

Estilo de apego y psicopatología en adolescentes víctimas de maltrato infantil

Attachment style and psychopathology in adolescent victims of child maltreatment

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Pages 451-469 | Received 23 Mar 2011, Accepted 21 Mar 2012, Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Los objetivos del presente trabajo consistieron en examinar si las experiencias de maltrato en la infancia influyen en el apego y en la psicopatología, así como en explorar posibles diferencias entre los jóvenes víctimas de maltrato con distintos tipos de intervenciones protectoras. En el estudio participaron 69 jóvenes víctimas de maltrato infantil que se hallaban en situación de acogimiento residencial, 75 jóvenes víctimas de maltrato infantil que se encontraban en situación de riesgo de desamparo y 174 jóvenes que no habían sufrido maltrato. Los resultados indican que sufrir maltrato antes de los 13 años representa un factor de riesgo para mostrar un apego inseguro y psicopatología en la adolescencia. Además, se encontraron algunas diferencias en psicopatología entre los dos grupos de jóvenes víctimas de maltrato infantil, las cuales podrían ser consecuencia de las distintas estrategias defensivas asociadas al estilo de apego constatadas entre ambos grupos.

Abstract

The aims of this study were to examine whether the experiences of maltreatment in childhood have an influence on attachment and psychopathology, as well as to explore differences between maltreated adolescents with different types of protective intervention. The study included 69 maltreated adolescents in residential child care, 75 adolescent victims of moderate maltreatment living with their biological families under treatment, and 174 non-maltreated adolescents. Results reveal that being maltreated before the age of 13 years is a risk factor for insecure attachment and psychopathology in adolescence. In addition, we found some differences in psychopathology between the two maltreated groups, which could be the consequence of different defensive strategies associated with attachment style.

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